ted演讲（精选24篇）
每个人至少拥有一个梦想，有一个理由去坚强，心若没有了栖息的地方，到哪里都是在流浪。水之一方，没有了昨天，今天，明天;海之一角，没有了前世，今生，来生;所思所议在刹那间全部盛开，又凋落…捧起时间的潮汐，埋葬以前的心愿，期待着明天会更好，至少我们会变得成熟了，感知到这个世界在微妙的变动。时间散落在平静的心湖中，荡起阵阵涟漪，一圈圈的希冀，勾勒出我们的人生蓝图。
不知明天会怎样?或许风和日丽，或许阴雨绵绵，亦或许狂风怒卷。但我们还是期待这它的到来，期待它给我们带来惊喜，人生就是由无数的未知构成。它犹如舞台上的一出戏，不同的是，在人生的舞台上演出是没有彩排的。
卡耐基说过：It'syourtakingpartinginthelifeandtheactionsbutnotyouroutcomethatcounts.没有凝固的生命，没有亘古的荒原，只要我们满怀期待，拥有梦想，任何的消沉都会绽放瑰丽的神奇，在没有色彩的地方创造色彩，在没有声音的地方创造声音，在没有奇迹的地方创造奇迹。
明天，真的会更好。
大家好!
有句话说：世界上没有两片完全相同的树叶。更没有相同的两个人，我们不能拿普遍的眼光凭某件事看待每个人，而当我们被错误的认识时，就要调整自己的心态——做自己。
有句话说得好：走自己的路，让别人说去吧!我们生在当下，不可能让每个人赞同自己，别人对你提的建议而并非完全适合你，此时就需要自己端正心态，明确自己的路，坚定不移的走下去。李娜在取得法网冠军后长期低迷，被众人评议为昙花一现，刘翔在20__年奥运年会上因一个转身使13亿中国人民惋惜，当听到刘翔退赛的消息时，不知有多少人为之哗然。难道他们真像众人所说的不堪一击吗?如果是，那就不会有20__年7连胜的佳绩，那就不会有尤金赛中12秒87的世界纪录，他们也有沮丧，但更多的是奋起，是努力造就一个新的自己。
一个苹果，有人说它甜，有人说他酸。我们不能避免被别人评论，我们不能，但我们可以更好。
我们只想完成自己的心愿，我们要做的是努力，付出。而不是别人嘴上说的自己，因为我们只想做自己，只能做自己。
少年pi的全名叫：派西尼。莫利托。帕特尔，方便起见，就叫他派好了。
派是一个从小生活在动物园的孩子，一次，为了搬去加拿大，派一家与动物们登上了开往大洋彼岸的货船“齐姆楚姆号”。
天有不测风云，在一个风雨交加的早晨，船沉了。睡梦中的人们还不知道发生了什么，就沉入了这蔚蓝色的海洋。只有派与一只斑马，一只红猩猩，一只鬣狗，还有一只名叫理查德。帕克的成年孟加拉虎乘上了救生艇，
弱肉强食的生存法则毫不意外地在这里被印证。
一艘小小的救生艇自然无法满足他们的生存需求，所以自然而然的，鬣狗吃掉了斑马与红猩猩，有被老虎吃掉。只剩下派与理查德。帕克了。
我本以为派也会被老虎吃掉，之后老虎死于缺水，在之后全剧终。可看着剩下200多页纸的厚度，我便打消了这可笑的念头。
不出所料，奇迹发生了。
派与这只孟加拉虎，在这条长仅26英尺的小艇上和谐共存了几个月，直至获救。
看到这里，我不得不对派肃然起敬。他是如此的勇敢，坚强。换做是我，或许早就因老虎的利爪或缺水而死了，但他却能用自己仅有的一切，与一只老虎在一望无边的太平洋上共存，这需要多么强烈的求生意志，多么强大的自信心啊!
在对比一下自己，整日无所事事，得过且过，无抱负无追求，为什么派可以超越自己的极限?我想，是压力的缘故吧。
派的压力来自于死亡，为了生存下来，他可以发挥出自己的全部潜质，是死亡的压力拯救了他。
而我的压力主要来自父母和老师。只要成绩有些进步，就可以说失去了压力，一个失去压力的人一定不会有什么大成就，因为压力就像燃油，是我们前进时不可缺少的动力。没有了动力，我们只能停下，倒退，最终被淘汰。
有压力是好事，但也要适度。就像汽车超速了会被罚款，压力过大了，也会使我们不负重担。只有适当的压力加上灿烂的微笑，美好的未来才会向我们挥手。
所以，朋友们，让我们用双手去拥抱这可爱的压力吧。
无压力，不动力!
拥抱他人，拥抱自己
embracing otherness. when i first heard this theme, i thought, well,embracing otherness is embracing myself. and the journey to that place ofunderstanding and acceptance has been an interesting one for me, and it's givenme an insight into the whole notion of self, which i think is worth sharing withyou today.
拥抱他类。当我第一次听说这个主题时，我心想，拥抱他类不就是拥抱自己吗。我个人懂得理解和接受他类的经历很有趣，让我对于“自己”这个词也有了新的认识，我想今天在这里和你们分享下我的心得体会。
we each have a self, but i don't think that we're born with one. you knowhow newborn babies believe they're part of everything; they're not separate?well that fundamental sense of oneness is lost on us very quickly. it's likethat initial stage is over -- oneness: infancy, unformed, primitive. it's nolonger valid or real. what is real is separateness, and at some point in earlybabyhood, the idea of self starts to form. our little portion of oneness isgiven a name, is told all kinds of things about itself, and these details,opinions and ideas become facts, which go towards building ourselves, ouridentity. and that self becomes the vehicle for navigating our social world. butthe self is a projection based on other people's projections. is it who wereally are? or who we really want to be, or should be?
我们每个人都有个自我，但并不是生来就如此的。你知道新生的宝宝们觉得他们是任何东西的一部分，而不是分裂的个体。这种本源上的“天人合一”感在我们出生后很快就不见了，就好像我们人生的第一个篇章--和谐统一：婴儿，未成形，原始--结束了。它们似幻似影，而现实的世界是孤独彼此分离的。而在孩童期的某段时间，我们开始形成自我这个观点。宇宙中的小小个体有了自己的名字，有了自己的过去等等各种信息。这些关于自己的细节，看法和观点慢慢变成事实，成为我们身份的一部分。而那个自我，也变成我们人生路上前行的导航仪。然后，这个所谓的自我，是他人自我的映射，还是我们真实的自己呢?我们究竟想成为什么样，应该成为什么样的呢?
so this whole interaction with self and identity was a very difficult onefor me growing up. the self that i attempted to take out into the world wasrejected over and over again. and my panic at not having a self that fit, andthe confusion that came from my self being rejected, created an_iety, shame andhopelessness, which kind of defined me for a long time. but in retrospect, thedestruction of my self was so repetitive that i started to see a pattern. theself changed, got affected, broken, destroyed, but another one would evolve --sometimes stronger, sometimes hateful, sometimes not wanting to be there at all.the self was not constant. and how many times would my self have to die before irealized that it was never alive in the first place?
这个和自我打交道，寻找自己身份的过程在我的成长记忆中一点都不容易。我想成为的那些“自我”不断被否定再否定，而我害怕自己无法融入周遭的环境，因被否定而引起的困惑让我变得更加忧虑，感到羞耻和无望，在很长一段时间就是我存在状态。然而回头看，对自我的解构是那么频繁，以至于我发现了这样一种规律。自我是变化的，受他人影响，分裂或被打败，而另一个自我会产生，这个自我可能更坚强，可能更可憎，有时你也不想变成那样。所谓自我不是固定不变的。而我需要经历多少次自我的破碎重生才会明白其实自我从来没有存在过?
i grew up on the coast of england in the '70s. my dad is white fromcornwall, and my mom is black from zimbabwe. even the idea of us as a family waschallenging to most people. but nature had its wicked way, and brown babies wereborn. but from about the age of five, i was aware that i didn't fit. i was theblack atheist kid in the all-white catholic school run by nuns. i was ananomaly, and my self was rooting around for definition and trying to plug in.because the self likes to fit, to see itself replicated, to belong. thatconfirms its e_istence and its importance. and it is important. it has ane_tremely important function. without it, we literally can't interface withothers. we can't hatch plans and climb that stairway of popularity, of success.but my skin color wasn't right. my hair wasn't right. my history wasn't right.my self became defined by otherness, which meant that, in that social world, ididn't really e_ist. and i was "other" before being anything else -- even beforebeing a girl. i was a noticeable nobody.
我在70年代英格兰海边长大，我的父亲是康沃尔的白人，母亲是津巴布韦的黑人。而想象我和父母是一家人对于其他人来说总是不太自然。自然有它自己的魔术，棕色皮肤的宝宝诞生了。但从我五岁开始，我就有种感觉我不是这个群体的。我是一个全白人天主教会学校里面黑皮肤无神论小孩。我与他人是不同的，而那个热衷于归属的自我却到处寻找方式寻找归属感。这种认同感让自我感受到存在感和重要性，因此十分重要。这点是如此重要，如果没有自我，我们根本无法与他人沟通。没有它，我们无所适从，无法获取成功或变得受人欢迎。但我的肤色不对，我的头发不对，我的过去不对，我的一切都是另类定义的，在这个社会里，我其实并不真实存在。我首先是个异类，其次才是个女孩。我是可见却毫无意义的人。
another world was opening up around this time: performance and dancing.that nagging dread of self-hood didn't e_ist when i was dancing. i'd literallylose myself. and i was a really good dancer. i would put all my emotionale_pression into my dancing. i could be in the movement in a way that i wasn'table to be in my real life, in myself.
这时候，另一个世界向我敞开了大门：舞蹈表演。那种关于自我的唠叨恐惧在舞蹈时消失了，我放开四肢，也成为了一位不错的舞者。我将所有的情绪都融入到舞蹈的动作中去，我可以在舞蹈中与自己相溶，尽管在现实生活中却无法做到。
and at 16, i stumbled across another opportunity, and i earned my firstacting role in a film. i can hardly find the words to describe the peace i feltwhen i was acting. my dysfunctional self could actually plug in to another self,not my own, and it felt so good. it was the first time that i e_isted inside afully-functioning self -- one that i controlled, that i steered, that i gavelife to. but the shooting day would end, and i'd return to my gnarly, awkwardself.
16岁的时候，我遇到了另一个机会，第一部参演的电影。我无法用语言来表达在演戏的时候我所感受到的平和，我无处着落的自我可以与那个角色融为一体，而不是我自己。那感觉真棒。这是第一次我感觉到我拥有一个自我，我可以驾驭，令其富有盛名的自我。然而当拍摄结束，我又会回到自己粗糙不明，笨拙的自我。
by 19, i was a fully-fledged movie actor, but still searching fordefinition. i applied to read anthropology at university. dr. phyllis lee gaveme my interview, and she asked me, "how would you define race?" well, i thoughti had the answer to that one, and i said, "skin color." "so biology, genetics?"she said. "because, thandie, that's not accurate. because there's actually moregenetic difference between a black kenyan and a black ugandan than there isbetween a black kenyan and, say, a white norwegian. because we all stem fromafrica. so in africa, there's been more time to create genetic diversity." inother words, race has no basis in biological or scientific fact. on the onehand, result. right? on the other hand, my definition of self just lost a hugechunk of its credibility. but what was credible, what is biological andscientific fact, is that we all stem from africa -- in fact, from a woman calledmitochondrial eve who lived 160,000 years ago. and race is an illegitimateconcept which our selves have created based on fear and ignorance.
19岁的时候，我已经是富有经验的专业电影演员，而我还是在寻找自我的定义。我申请了大学的人类学专业。phyllislee博士面试了我，她问我：“你怎么定义种族?”我觉得我很了解这个话题，我说：“肤色。”“那么生物上来说呢，例如遗传基因?”她说，“thandie肤色并不全面，其实一个肯尼亚黑人和乌干达黑人之间基因差异比一个肯尼亚黑人和挪威白人之间差异要更多。因为我们都是从非洲来的，所以在非洲，基因变异演化的时间是最久的。”换句话说，种族在生物学或任何科学上都没有事实根据。另一方面，我对于自我的定义瞬时失去了一大片基础。但那就是生物学事实，我们都是非洲后裔，一位在160 0__年前的伟大女性mitochondrialeve的后人。而种族这个无效的概念是我们基于恐惧和无知自己捏造出来的。
strangely, these revelations didn't cure my low self-esteem, that feelingof otherness. my desire to disappear was still very powerful. i had a degreefrom cambridge; i had a thriving career, but my self was a car crash, and iwound up with bulimia and on a therapist's couch. and of course i did. i stillbelieved my self was all i was. i still valued self-worth above all other worth,and what was there to suggest otherwise? we've created entire value systems anda physical reality to support the worth of self. look at the industry forself-image and the jobs it creates, the revenue it turns over. we'd be right inassuming that the self is an actual living thing. but it's not. it's aprojection which our clever brains create in order to cheat ourselves from thereality of death.
奇怪的是，这个发现并没有治好我的自卑，那种被排挤的感觉。我还是那么强烈地想要离开消失。我从剑桥拿到了学位，我有份充满发展的工作，然而我的自我还是一团糟，我得了催吐病不得不接受治疗师的帮助。我还是相信自我是我的全部。我还是坚信“自我”的价值甚过一切。而且我们身处的世界就是如此，我们的整个价值系统和现实环境都是在服务“自我”的价值。看看不同行业里面对于自我的塑造，看看它们创造的那些工作，产出的那些利润。我们甚至必须相信自我是真实存在的。但它们不是，自我不过是我们聪明的脑袋假想出来骗自己不去思考死亡这个话题的幌子。
but there is something that can give the self ultimate and infiniteconnection -- and that thing is oneness, our essence. the self's struggle forauthenticity and definition will never end unless it's connected to its creator-- to you and to me. and that can happen with awareness -- awareness of thereality of oneness and the projection of self-hood. for a start, we can thinkabout all the times when we do lose ourselves. it happens when i dance, when i'macting. i'm earthed in my essence, and my self is suspended. in those moments,i'm connected to everything -- the ground, the air, the sounds, the energy fromthe audience. all my senses are alert and alive in much the same way as aninfant might feel -- that feeling of oneness.
但其实我们的终极自我其实是我们的本源，合一。挣扎自我是否真实，究竟是什么永远没有终结，除非它和赋予它意义的创造者合一，就是你和我。而这点当我们意识到现实是你中有我，我中有你，和谐统一，而自我是种假象时就会体会到了。我们可以想想，什么时候我们是身心统一的，例如说我跳舞，表演的时候，我和我的本源连结，而我的自我被抛在一边。那时，我和身边的一切--空气，大地，声音，观众的反馈都连结在一起。我的知觉是敏锐和鲜活的，就像初生的婴儿那样，合一。
and when i'm acting a role, i inhabit another self, and i give it life forawhile, because when the self is suspended so is divisiveness and judgment. andi've played everything from a vengeful ghost in the time of slavery to secretaryof state in __. and no matter how other these selves might be, they're allrelated in me. and i honestly believe the key to my success as an actor and myprogress as a person has been the very lack of self that used to make me feel soan_ious and insecure. i always wondered why i could feel others' pain so deeply,why i could recognize the somebody in the nobody. it's because i didn't have aself to get in the way. i thought i lacked substance, and the fact that i couldfeel others' meant that i had nothing of myself to feel. the thing that was asource of shame was actually a source of enlightenment.
当我在演戏的时候，我让另一个自我住在我体内，我代表它行动。当我的自我被抛开，紧随的分歧和主观判断也消失了。我曾经扮演过奴隶时代的复仇鬼魂，也扮演过__年的国务卿。不管他们这些自我是怎样的，他们都在那时与我相连。而我也深信作为演员，我的成功，或是作为个体，我的成长都是源于我缺乏“自我”，那种缺乏曾经让我非常忧虑和不安。我总是不明白为什么我会那么深地感受到他人的痛苦，为什么我可以从不知名的人身上看出他人的印痕。是因为我没有所谓的自我来左右我感受的信息吧。我以为我缺少些什么，我以为我对他人的理解是因为我缺乏自我。那个曾经是我深感羞耻的东西其实是种启示。
and when i realized and really understood that my self is a projection andthat it has a function, a funny thing happened. i stopped giving it so muchauthority. i give it its due. i take it to therapy. i've become very familiarwith its dysfunctional behavior. but i'm not ashamed of my self. in fact, irespect my self and its function. and over time and with practice, i've tried tolive more and more from my essence. and if you can do that, incredible thingshappen.
当我真的理解我的自我不过是种映射，是种工具，一件奇怪的事情发生了。我不再让它过多控制我的生活。我学习管理它，像把它带去看医生一样，我很熟悉那些因自我而失调的举动。我不因自我而羞耻，事实上，我很尊敬我的自我和它的功能。而随着时间过去，我的技术也更加熟练，我可以更多的和我的本源共存。如果你愿意尝试，不可以思议的事情也会发生在你身上。
i was in congo in february, dancing and celebrating with women who'vesurvived the destruction of their selves in literally unthinkable ways --destroyed because other brutalized, psychopathic selves all over that beautifulland are fueling our selves' addiction to ipods, pads, and bling, which furtherdisconnect ourselves from ever feeling their pain, their suffering, their death.because, hey, if we're all living in ourselves and mistaking it for life, thenwe're devaluing and desensitizing life. and in that disconnected state, yeah, wecan build factory farms with no windows, destroy marine life and use rape as aweapon of war. so here's a note to self: the cracks have started to show in ourconstructed world, and oceans will continue to surge through the cracks, and oiland blood, rivers of it.
今年二月，我在刚果和一群女性一起跳舞和庆祝，她们都是经历过各种无法想象事情“自我”遍体鳞伤的人们，那些备受摧残，心理变态的自我充斥在这片美丽的土地，而我们仍痴迷地追逐着ipod，pad等各种闪亮的东西，将我们与他们的痛苦，死亡隔得更远。如果我们各自生活在自我中，并无以为这就是生活，那么我们是在贬低和远离生命的意义。在这种脱节的状态中，我们是可以建设没有窗户的工厂，破坏海洋生态，将__作为战争的工具。为我们的自我做个解释：这是看似完善的世界里的裂痕，海洋，河流，石油和鲜血正不断地从缝中涌出。
crucially, we haven't been figuring out how to live in oneness with theearth and every other living thing. we've just been insanely trying to figureout how to live with each other -- billions of each other. only we're not livingwith each other; our crazy selves are living with each other and perpetuating anepidemic of disconnection.
关键的是，我们还没有明白如何和自然以及其他所有生物和谐地共处。我们只是疯狂地想和其他人沟通，几十亿其他人。只有当我们不在和世界合一的时候，我们疯狂的自我却互相怜惜，并永远继续这场相互隔绝的疫症。
let's live with each other and take it a breath at a time. if we can getunder that heavy self, light a torch of awareness, and find our essence, ourconnection to the infinite and every other living thing. we knew it from the daywe were born. let's not be freaked out by our bountiful nothingness. it's more areality than the ones our selves have created. imagine what kind of e_istence wecan have if we honor inevitable death of self, appreciate the privilege of lifeand marvel at what comes ne_t. simple awareness is where it begins.
让我们共生共荣，并不要太过激进着急。试着放下沉重的自我，点亮知觉的火把，寻找我们的本源，我们与万事万物之间的联系。我们初生时就懂得这个道理的。不要被我们内心丰富的空白吓到，这比我们虚构的自我要真实。想象如果你能接受自我并不存在，你想要如何生活，感恩生命的可贵和未来的惊奇。简单的觉醒就是开始。
thank you for listening.
(applause) 谢谢。
大家都看过《士兵突击》吧。最记忆尤新的也莫过于一号男主角许三多吧，许三多这个角色被定型为一个“傻到极点，顽强，有一股韧性，坚韧不拔”的人。他的一句台词也升华了整部剧作——不抛弃，不放弃!
大家的理想自然不是都去当特种兵，这里的抛弃自然不都是战友，同学们想想，大大的中国13亿个人啊!就算小学同学40人，初中50人，高中50人在学习阶段也就是140个同学。也就是92857142个人中才能有1个人是你的同学，就仅凭这一点为何不把每一个同学都珍惜呢?更何况你能保证和每个同学都是的朋友吗?固然说有些同学长大后随自己没什么帮助，虽然有些同学长大后连记也不记的自己换个角度，你为何不和其余的9000多万个人做同学呢?都是缘分啊!别人堕落了拉别人一把，别人努力了跟上去一步，这样不就能一同进步了吗?一个同学你很讨厌他。他在悬崖一角即将坠下时，你是送他一脚还是送去一只手呢?珍惜眼前的一切吧!不抛弃同学中的任何一个人，讨厌他就当他在督促你，如果每个人都能拉身边的人一把，那么实验班的孩子算什么?赶上他们不就像兔子捉乌龟嘛!可现实中呢?有一句话说的好“没有永远的朋友，只有永远的利益”在悬崖一角时，大多数人都送去了一脚。是的，抛弃他，自己非常舒坦，天天不要来气，这是什么样的人呢?自己想想看吧!!
抛弃的如果是朋友，那么放弃的莫过于自己吧!
上了七中也就是超过了江苏一大半的学生，也就是说你已经是中上游得了，那么这样的努力了9年，可谓是怀一腔热血，负一身希望，这时如果放弃了，不就等于那扫把往家长的屁股上抽吗?放弃的都是懦弱的，都是失败者，放弃不是新的开端，是个人生命价值的结束!!一个人也就是留给他20年的时间去珍惜，为何还拿去挥霍呢?与其这样还不如拿刀给自己放血呢!快乐快乐的去学习，不是快乐快乐的去玩。用双手捧起自己的前途，用坚强的臂膀肩负起父母的希望吧。
还是那句话实验班的学生不算什么，抓起身边的人，一同努力吧!!
The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the fina of "China's Got Talent" show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium. Guewho was the performing guest? Susan Boyle. And I told her, "I'm going to Scotland the next day." She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese. [Chinese] So it's not like "hello" or "thank you," that ordinary stuff. It means "green onion for free." Why did she say that? Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle -- a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera, but she didn't understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese. (Laughter) And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was "green onion for free." So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together. That was hilarious.
来苏格兰(做TED讲演)的前夜，我被邀请去上海做”中国达人秀“决赛的评委。在装有八万现场观众的演播厅里，在台上的表演嘉宾居然是(来自苏格兰的，因参加英国达人秀走红的)苏珊大妈(Susan Boyle)。我告诉她，“我明天就要启程去苏格兰。” 她唱得很动听，还对观众说了几句中文，她并没有说简单的”你好“或者”谢谢“，她说的是——“送你葱”(Song Ni Cong)。为什么?这句话其实来源于中国版的“苏珊大妈”——一位五十岁的以卖菜为生，却对西方歌剧有出奇爱好的上海中年妇女(蔡洪平)。这位中国的苏珊大妈并不懂英文，法语或意大利文，所以她将歌剧中的词汇都换做中文中的蔬菜名，并且演唱出来。在她口中，歌剧《图兰朵》的最后一句便是“Song Ni Cong”。当真正的英国苏珊大妈唱出这一句“中文的”《图兰朵》时，全场的八万观众也一起高声歌唱，场面的确有些滑稽(hilarious)。
So I gueboth Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness. They were the least expected to be successful in the businecalled entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through. And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams. Well, being different is not that difficult. We are all different from different perspectives. But I think being different is good, because you present a different point of view. You may have the chance to make a difference.
我想Susan Boyle和这位上海的买菜农妇的确属于人群中的少数。她们是最不可能在演艺界成功的，而她们的勇气和才华让她们成功了，这个节目和舞台给予了她们一个实现个人梦想的机会。这样看来，与众不同好像没有那么难。从不同的方面审视，我们每个人都是不同的。但是我想，与众不同是一件好事，因为你代表了不一样的观点，你拥有了做改变的机会。
My generation has been very fortunate to witneand participate in the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years. I remember that in the year of 1990, when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton -- it's still there. So after being interrogated by this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, "So, MiYang, do you have any questions to ask me?" I summoned my courage and poise and said, "Yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?" I didn't have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel. That was the first day I set my foot in a five-star hotel.
我这一代中国人很幸运的目睹并且参与了中国在过去二三十年中经历的巨变。我记得1990年，当我刚大学毕业时，我申请了当时北京的第一家五星级酒店——长城喜来登酒店的销售部门的工作。这家酒店现在仍在北京。当我被一位日本籍经理面试了一个半小时之后，他问到，“杨小姐，你有什么想问我的吗?”，我屏住呼吸，问道“是的，你能告诉我，具体我需要销售些什么吗?” 当时的我，对五星级酒店的销售部门没有任何概念，事实上，那是我第一次进到一家五星级酒店。
Around the same time, I was going through an audition -- the first ever open audition by national television in China -- with another thousand college girls. The producer told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent and beautiful fresh face. So when it was my turn, I stood up and said, "Why [do] women's personalities on television always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? Why can't they have their own ideas and their own voice?" I thought I kind of offended them. But actually, they were impressed by my words. And so I was in the second round of competition, and then the third and the fourth. After seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive it. So I was on a national television prime-time show. And believe it or not, that was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script. (Applause) And my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.
我当时也在参加另一嘲面试”，中国国家电视台的首次公开试镜，与我一起参与选拔的还有另外1000名大学女毕业生。节目制作人说，他们希望找到一位甜美，无辜(LOL)，漂亮的新鲜面孔。轮到我的时候，我问道“为什么在电视屏幕上，女性总应该表现出甜美漂亮，甚至是服从性的一面?为什么她们不能有她们自己的想法和声音?“我觉得我的问题甚至有点冒犯到了他。但实际上，他们对我的表现印象深刻。我进入了第二轮选拔，第三轮，第四轮，直至最后的第七场选拔，我是唯一一个走到最后的试镜者。我从此走上了国家电视台黄金时段的荧幕。你可能不相信，但在当时，我所主持的电视节目是中国第一个，不让主持人念已经审核过的稿件的节目(掌声)。我每周需要面对两亿到三亿左右的电视观众。
Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S. and Columbia University to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my own media company, which was unthought of during the years that I started my career. So we do a lot of things. I've interviewed more than a thousand people in the past. And sometimes I have young people approaching me say, "Lan, you changed my life," and I feel proud of that. But then we are also so fortunate to witnethe transformation of the whole country. I was in Beijing's bidding for the Olympic Games. I was representing the Shanghai Expo. I saw China embracing the world and vice versa. But then sometimes I'm thinking, what are today's young generation up to? How are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of China, or at large, the world?
几年以后，我决定来美国哥伦比亚大学继续深造，之后也开始运营自己的媒体公司，这也是我在职业生涯初始时所没有预料到的。我的公司做很多不同的业务，在过去这些年里，我访谈过一千多人。经常有年轻人对我说，“杨澜，你改变了我的人生”，我对此感到非常自豪。我也幸运的目睹了整个国家的转变：我参与了北京申奥和上海世博会。我看到中国在拥抱这个世界，而世界也进一步的接受中国。但有时我也在想，今天的年轻人的生活是什么样的?他们(与我们相比)有什么不同?他们将带给中国，甚至整个世界的未来一些怎样的变化?
So today I want to talk about young people through the platform of social media. First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like? Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei -- 20 years old, beautiful. She showed off her expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the Chinese version of Twitter. And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Croat the Chamber of Commerce. She didn't realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross. The controversy was so heated that the Red Crohad to open a preconference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.
So far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title -- probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity. All those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend, who used to be a board member in a subdivision of Red Croat Chamber of Commerce. It's very complicated to explain. But anyway, the public still doesn't buy it. It is still boiling. It shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past. And also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as microblog.
我想通过社交媒体来谈一谈中国的年轻人们。首先，他们是谁，他们是什么样子?这是一位叫郭美美的女孩儿，20岁，年轻漂亮。她在中国版的Twitter上——新浪微博上，炫耀她所拥有的奢侈品，衣服，包和车。她甚至宣称她是中国红十字会的工作人员。她没有意识到她的行为触及了中国民众极为敏感的神经，这引发了一场全民大讨论，民众开始质疑红十字会的公信力。中国红十字会为了平息这场争议甚至举办了一场记者会来澄清，直至今日，对于”郭美美事件“的调查仍在继续，但我们所知道的事实是，她谎报了她的头衔，可能是因为她的虚荣心，希望把自己和慈善机构联系起来。所有那些奢侈品都是她的男朋友给她买的，而那位”男朋友“的确曾经是红十字会的工作人员。这解释起来很复杂，总之，公众对他们的解释仍然不满意，这仍然是在风口浪尖的一件事。这件事体现出(中国社会)对长期不透明的政府机关的不信任，同时也表现出社交媒体(微博)巨大的社会影响力。
Microblog boomed in the year of 20xx, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled. S, a major news portal, alone has more than 140 million microbloggers. On Tencent, 200 million. The most popular blogger -- it's not me -- it's a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans. About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people, under 30 years old. And because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government, social media offers an opening to let the steam out a little bit. But because you don't have many other openings, the heat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.
微博在20xx年得到了爆炸性的增长，微博的访问用户增长了一倍，用户的访问时间是20xx年的三倍。新浪(S)，一个最主要的微博平台，拥有1.4亿的微博用户，而腾讯拥有两亿用户。(在中国)最有名的微博主——不是我——是一位电影明星，她拥有近九百五十万”粉丝“。接近80%的微博用户是年轻人，三十岁以下。因为传统媒体还在政府的强力控制之下，社交媒体提供了一个开放的平台进行了一些(民众观点的)分流。因为这样分流的渠道并不多，从这个平台上爆发出的能量往往非常强烈，有时候甚至过于强烈。
So through microblogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth even better. So how are they different? First of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy. And because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women. That could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows; we're in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries. Most of them have fairly good education. The illiteracy rate in China among this generation is under one percent. In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college. But they are facing an aging China with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030. And you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they're sick. So it means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.
通过微博，我们可以更好的了解到中国的年轻一代。首先，他们中的大多数都出生在八零九零年代，在独生子女的生育政策的大背景下长大。因为偏好男孩的家庭会选择性的堕胎，现在(中国)的年轻男性的数量多过年轻女性三千万，这可能带来社会的不稳定(危险)，但是我们知道，在这个全球化的社会中，他们可能可以去其他国家找女朋友。大多数人都拥有良好的教育。这一代中国人中的文盲率已经低于1%。在城市中，80%的孩子可以上大学，但他们将要面对的是一个，有接近7%的人口都是老年人的社会，这个数字会在2030年会增长到15%。在这个国家，传统是让年轻人来从经济上和医疗上来支持老年人，这意味着，一对年轻的夫妻将需要支持四个平均年龄是73岁的老人。
So ma-ki-ng a living is not that easy for young people. College graduates are not in short supply. In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S. dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500. So what do they do? They have to share space -- squeezed in very limited space to save money -- and they call themselves "tribe of ants." And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment. That ratio in America would only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it's 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.
所以对于年轻人而言，生活并不是容易。本科毕业生也不在是紧缺资源。在城市中，本科生的月起薪通常是400美元(2500人民币)，而公寓的平均月租金却是500美元。所以他们的解决方式是合租——挤在有限的空间中以节省开支，他们叫自己”蚁族。“ 对于那些准备好结婚并希望购买一套公寓的中国年轻夫妇而言，他们发现他们必须要不间断的工作30到40年才可以负担得起一套公寓。对于同样的美国年轻夫妇而言，他们只需要五年时间。
Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people. They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas. Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside, but they don't have the sense of belonging. They work for longer hours with leincome, lesocial welfare. And they're more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce. Last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease. But they died because of all different personal reasons. But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.
在近两亿的涌入城市的农民工中，他们中的60%都是年轻人。他们发现自己被夹在了城市和农村中，大多数人不愿意回到农村，但他们在城市也找不到归属感。他们工作更长的时间却获得更少的薪水和社会福利。他们也更容易面临失业，受到通货膨胀，银行利率，人民币升值的影响，甚至美国和欧盟对于中国制造产品的抵制也会影响到他们。去年，在中国南方的一个制造工厂里，有十三位年轻的工人选择了结束自己的生命，一个接一个，像一场传染玻他们轻生的原因各有不同，但整个事件提醒了中国社会和政府，需要更多的关注这些在精神上和生理上都与外界脱节的年轻农民工人。
For those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the Internet, they're able to create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and create new businein the ledeveloped market. So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.
对于那些回到农村的年轻人，他们所经历的城市生活，所学到的知识，技巧和建立的社会网络，让他们通常更受欢迎。特别是在互联网的帮助下，他们更有可能获得工作，提升农村的农业水平和发展新的商业机会。在过去的一些年中，一些沿海的城镇甚至出现了劳动力短缺。
These diagrams show a more general social background. The first one is the Engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of daily necessities has dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income, to about 37-some percent. But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost. The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4. Now it's 0.5 -- even worse than that in America -- showing us the income inequality. And so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility. And also, the bitterneand even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread. So any accusations of corruption or backdoor dealings between authorities or businewould arouse a social outcry or even unrest.
这些图片展现出整体的社会背景。第一张图片是恩格斯系数(食品支出占总消费支出的比例)，可以看到在过去的十年中，食物和生活必需品在家庭消费中的比例有所下降(37%)，然后在过去的两年中，这项指数上升到39%，说明近两年中生活成本的攀升。基尼系数早已越过了危险的0.4，到达0.5——这甚至高过了美国——体现出极大的贫富差距，所以我们才看到整个社会的失衡。同时，“仇富心态”也开始在整个社会蔓延，任何与腐-败和走后门相关的政府或商业丑闻都会引发社会危机和不稳定。
So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about. Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand. For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witnea lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property. And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation. Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest. So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet, people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.
通过微博上很火的话题，我们可以看到年轻人的关注点。社会公正和政府的公信力是他们首要需求的。在过去的十年中，急速的城市化让民众读到太多强制私人住户拆迁的新闻，这引发了年轻一代的愤怒和不理解。有时候，被拆迁的住户以自杀和自-焚的方式来抗-议(强制拆迁行为)。当这些事件越来越常在互联网上被揭露出来，人们期待政府可以采取一些更积极的制止行动。
So the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court. Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet. We heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food. And guewhat, we have faked beef. They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef. And then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop. So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet. And fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.
好消息是，今年早些时候，人民代表大会通过了一项关于房屋征用和拆迁的新法规，将征用和拆迁的权利从当地政府移交到了法庭。相同的，很多其他与公共安全相关的问题也在互联网上被热烈讨论。我们听到有太多空气污染，水污染，有毒食品的报道。你甚至都想不到，我们还有假牛肉。人们用一种特殊的材料加入鸡肉和鱼肉中，然后以牛肉的价格进行出售。最近，人们对食用油也很担忧，大量的餐馆被发现在使用“地沟油“。所有这些事件引发了互联网上民众观点的大爆发。幸运的是，我们看到了政府正在更积极和更及时的对这些民众的质疑给予回应。
While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-ma-ki-ng, but sometimes they're a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life. China is soon to pathe U.S. as the number one market for luxury brands -- that's not including the Chinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere. But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S. dollars. They're not rich at all. They're taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status. And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle. But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.
一方面，年轻人越来越积极的参与到公共事务中;另一方面，他们也在寻找或者说迷失与个人生活的价值和定位。中国很快就要超过美国，成为世界上第一大奢侈品消费国——这还不包括中国人在国外的消费。但你知道吗，超过半数中国的奢侈品消费者的(年)收入都低于两千美元。他们其实并不富裕，他们用那些奢侈品牌的服装和包体现身份和社会地位。这是一位在电视节目上公然表明，自己宁愿在宝马车里哭也不坐在自行车后笑的年轻女孩。当然，我们也有更多的年轻人，喜欢微笑，不管是在宝马还是在自行车上。
So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called "naked" wedding, or "naked" marriage. It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love. And also, people are doing good through social media. And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeleand kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watching through microblogging. People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck. And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued. And here also people are helping to find missing children. A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet. After thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.
在下一幅图中，你看到的是现在非常流行的”裸婚“，这并不代表这“裸露出席婚礼”，这体现的是年轻人愿意接受结婚不买房，不买车，不买钻戒，甚至不办婚宴的这个现实，作为对纯朴的真爱的致敬。但同时，人们也在通过社交媒体做一些善事。这副图片里，这辆车上装有500只被”绑架“来，准备被送去屠宰的狗，这辆车被网友们发现后，人们开始通过微博关注事态的进展，并且通过捐钱，捐食物和做义工来试图拦截该车。在几个小时的周旋后，这500条狗获救并被放生。有更多的人在通过微博寻找丢失的孩子。一位父亲将他失散的儿子的照片发布到微博上，在几千条”转发“之后，他的儿子被找到，家庭的团聚也在微博上被报道出来。
So happineis the most popular word we have heard through the past two years. Happineis not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it's about the environment. People are thinking about the following questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? And also, how capable is the system of self-correctneto keep more people content with all sorts of friction going on at the same time? I guethese are the questions people are going to answer. And our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.
Thank you very much.
“幸福(感)”是近两年中国的流行词汇。幸福感不仅仅与个人体验和价值观相关，更多的，它与环境息息相关。人们在思考：我们是否要牺牲环境来提升GDP?我们要怎样进行社会和政治体制的改革来应对经济的发展，保持稳定性和可持续性发展?同时，这个系统的自我修正能力是否足够强大，是否能够让生活在其中的人民接受在前进过程中的各种压力和困难?我想这些都是中国人民需要回答的问题，而中国的年轻一代将在改变这个国家的过程中也改变自己。
布琳。布朗致力于研究人与人的关系——我们感同身受的能力、获得归属感的能力、爱的能力。在TED休斯敦一次富有感染力的幽默谈话中，她跟我们分享了她的研究发现，一个让她更想深入了解自己以及人类的发现，洞悉人性也更了解自己。同时建议父母，全心全意去爱，即使没有回报、即使很困难，也要勇敢面对，因为感到脆弱代表我还活着，我们要相信自己够好，绝对值得被爱。
那我就这么开始吧：几年前，一个活动策划人打电话给我，因为我当时要做一个演讲。她在电话里说：“我真很苦恼该如何在宣传单上介绍你。”我心想，怎么会苦恼呢？她继续道：“你看，我听过你的演讲，我觉得我可以称你为研究者，可我担心的是，如果我这么称呼你，没人会来听，因为大家普遍认为研究员很无趣而且脱离现实。”（笑声）好。然后她说：“但是我喜欢你的演讲，就跟讲故事一样很吸引人。我想来想去，还是觉得称你为讲故事的人比较妥当。”而那个做学术的，感到不安的我脱口而出道：“你要叫我什么？”她说：“我要称你为讲故事的人。"我心想：”为什么不干脆叫魔法小精灵？“（笑声）我说：”让我考虑一下。“我试着鼓起勇气。我对自己说，我是一个讲故事的人。我是一个从事定性研究的科研人员。我收集故事；这就是我的工作。或许故事就是有灵魂的数据。或许我就是一个讲故事的人。于是我说：”听着，要不你就称我为做研究兼讲故事的人。“她说：”哈哈，没这么个说法呀。“（笑声）所以我是个做研究兼讲故事的人，我今天想跟大家谈论的——我们要谈论的话题是关于拓展认知——我想给你们讲几个故事是关于我的一份研究的，这份研究从本质上拓宽了我个人的认知，也确确实实改变了我生活、爱、工作还有教育孩子的方式。
我的故事从这里开始。当我还是个年轻的博士研究生的时候，第一年，有位研究教授对我们说：”事实是这样的，如果有一个东西你无法测量，那么它就不存在。“我心想他只是在哄哄我们这些小孩子吧。我说：“真的么？”他说：“当然。”你得知道我有一个社会工作的学士文凭，一个社会工作的硕士文凭，我在读的是一个社会工作的博士文凭，所以我整个学术生涯都被人所包围，他们大抵相信生活是一团乱麻，接受它。而我的观点则倾向于，生活是一团乱麻，解开它，把它整理好，再归类放入便当盒里。（笑声）我觉得我领悟到了关键，有能力去创一番事业，让自己——真的，社会工作的一个重要理念是置身于工作的不适中。我就是要把这不适翻个底朝天每科都拿到A。这就是我当时的信条。我当时真的是跃跃欲试。我想这就是我要的职业生涯，因为我对乱成一团，难以处理的课题感兴趣。我想要把它们弄清楚。我想要理解它们。我想侵入那些我知道是重要的东西把它们摸透，然后用浅显易懂的方式呈献给每一个人。
所以我的起点是“关系”。因为当你从事了20xx年的社会工作，你必然会发现关系是我们活着的原因。它赋予了我们生命的意义。就是这么简单。无论你跟谁交流工作在社会执法领域的也好，负责精神健康、虐待和疏于看管领域的也好我们所知道的是，关系是种感应的能力——生物神经上，我们是这么被设定的——这就是为什么我们在这儿。所以我就从关系开始。下面这个场景我们再熟悉不过了，你的上司给你作工作评估，她告诉了你37点你做得相当棒的地方，还有一点——成长的空间？（笑声）然后你满脑子都想着那一点成长的空间，不是么。这也是我研究的一个方面，因为当你跟人们谈论爱情，他们告诉你的是一件让他们心碎的事。当你跟人们谈论归属感，他们告诉你的是最让他们痛心的被排斥的经历。当你跟人们谈论关系，他们跟我讲的是如何被断绝关系的故事。
所以很快的——在大约开始研究这个课题6周以后——我遇到了这个前所未闻的东西它揭示了关系以一种我不理解也从没见过的方式。所以我暂停了原先的研究计划，对自己说，我得弄清楚这到底是什么。它最终被鉴定为耻辱感。耻辱感很容易理解，即害怕被断绝关系。有没有一些关于我的事如果别人知道了或看到了，会认为我不值得交往。我要告诉你们的是：这种现象很普遍；我们都会有（这种想法）。没有体验过耻辱的人不具有人类的同情或关系。没人想谈论自己的糗事，你谈论的越少，你越感到可耻。滋生耻辱感的是一种“我不够好。"的心态——我们都知道这是个什么滋味：”我不够什么。我不够苗条，不够有钱，不够漂亮，不够聪明，职位不够高。“而支撑这种心态的是一种刻骨铭心的脆弱，关键在于要想产生关系，我们必须让自己被看见，真真切切地被看见。
你知道我怎么看待脆弱。我恨它。所以我思考着，这次是轮到我用我的标尺击溃它的时候了。我要闯进去，把它弄清楚，我要花一年的时间，彻底瓦解耻辱，我要搞清楚脆弱是怎么运作的，然后我要智取胜过它。所以我准备好了，非常兴奋。跟你预计的一样，事与愿违。（笑声）你知道这个（结果）。我能告诉你关于耻辱的很多东西，但那样我就得占用别人的时间了。但我在这儿可以告诉你，归根到底——这也许是我学到的最重要的东西在从事研究的数十年中。我预计的一年变成了六年，成千上万的故事，成百上千个采访，焦点集中。有时人们发给我期刊报道，发给我他们的故事——不计其数的数据，就在这六年中。我大概掌握了它。
我大概理解了这就是耻辱，这就是它的运作方式。我写了本书，我出版了一个理论，但总觉得哪里不对劲——它其实是，如果我粗略地把我采访过的人分成具有自我价值感的人——说到底就是自我价值感——他们勇于去爱并且拥有强烈的归属感——另一部分则是为之苦苦挣扎的人，总是怀疑自己是否足够好的人。区分那些敢于去爱并拥有强烈归属感的人和那些为之而苦苦挣扎的人的变量只有一个。那就是，那些敢于去爱并拥有强烈归属感的人相信他们值得被爱，值得享有归属感。就这么简单。他们相信自己的价值。而对于我，那个阻碍人与人之间关系的最困难的部分是我们对于自己不值得享有这种关系的恐惧，无论从个人，还是职业上我都觉得我有必要去更深入地了解它。所以接下来我找出所有的采访记录找出那些体现自我价值的，那些持有这种观念的记录，集中研究它们。
这群人有什么共同之处？我对办公用品有点痴迷，但这是另一个话题了。我有一个牛皮纸文件夹，还有一个三福极好笔，我心想，我该怎么给这项研究命名呢？第一个蹦入我脑子的是全心全意这个词。这是一群全心全意，靠着一种强烈的自我价值感在生活的人们。所以我在牛皮纸夹的上端这样写道，而后我开始查看数据。事实上，我开始是用四天时间集中分析数据，我从头找出那些采访，找出其中的故事和事件。主题是什么？有什么规律？我丈夫带着孩子离开了小镇，因为我老是陷入像杰克逊。波洛克（美国近代抽象派画家）似的疯狂状态，我一直在写，完全沉浸在研究的状态中。下面是我的发现。这些人的共同之处在于勇气。我想在这里先花一分钟跟大家区分一下勇气和胆量。勇气，最初的定义，当它刚出现在英文里的时候——是从拉丁文cor，意为心，演变过来的——最初的定义是真心地叙述一个故事，告诉大家你是谁的。所以这些人就具有勇气承认自己不完美。他们具有同情心，先是对自己的，再是对他人的，因为，事实是，我们如果不能善待自己，我们也无法善待他人。最后一点，他们都能和他人建立关系，——这是很难做到的——前提是他们必须坦诚，他们愿意放开自己设定的那个理想的自我以换取真正的自我，这是赢得关系的必要条件。
他们还有另外一个共同之处那就是，他们全然接受脆弱。他们相信让他们变得脆弱的东西也让他们变得美丽。他们不认为脆弱是寻求舒适，也不认为脆弱是钻心的疼痛——正如我之前在关于耻辱的采访中听到的。他们只是简单地认为脆弱是必须的。他们会谈到愿意说出"我爱你"，愿意做些没有的事情，愿意等待医生的电话，在做完乳房X光检查之后。他们愿意为情感投资，无论有没有结果。他们觉得这些都是最根本的。
我当时认为那是背叛。我无法相信我尽然对科研宣誓效忠——研究的定义是控制（变量）然后预测，去研究现象，为了一个明确的目标，去控制并预测。而我现在的使命即控制并预测却给出了这样一个结果：要想与脆弱共存就得停止控制，停止预测于是我崩溃了——（笑声）——其实更像是这样。（笑声）它确实是。我称它为崩溃，我的心理医生称它为灵魂的觉醒。灵魂的觉醒当然比精神崩溃要好听很多，但我跟你说那的确是精神崩溃。然后我不得不暂且把数据放一边，去求助心理医生。让我告诉你：你知道你是谁当你打电话跟你朋友说：“我觉得我需要跟人谈谈。你有什么好的建议吗？“因为我大约有五个朋友这么回答：”喔。我可不想当你的心理医生。“（笑声）我说：”这是什么意思？“他们说：”我只是想说，别带上你的标尺来见我。“我说：”行。“
就这样我找到了一个心理医生。我跟她，戴安娜，的第一次见面——我带去了一份表单上面都是那些全身心投入生活的人的生活方式，然后我坐下了。她说：”你好吗？“我说：”我很好。还不赖。“她说：”发生了什么事？“这是一个治疗心理医生的心理医生，我们不得不去看这些心理医生，因为他们的废话测量仪很准（知道你什么时候在说真心话）。（笑声）所以我说：“事情是这样的。我很纠结。”她说：“你纠结什么？”我说：”嗯，我跟脆弱过不去。而且我知道脆弱是耻辱和恐惧的根源是我们为自我价值而挣扎的根源，但它同时又是欢乐，创造性，归属感，爱的源泉。所以我觉得我有问题，我需要帮助。“我补充道：”但是，这跟家庭无关，跟童年无关。“（笑声）“我只需要一些策略。”（笑声）（掌声）谢谢。戴安娜的反应是这样的。（笑声）我接着说：“这很糟糕，对么？”她说：“这不算好，也不算坏。”（笑声）“它本身就是这样。”我说：“哦，我的天，要悲剧了。”
（笑声）
（悲剧）果然发生了，但又没有发生。大概有一年的时间。你知道的，有些人当他们发现脆弱和温柔很重要的时候，他们放下所有戒备，欣然接受。（我要声明）一，这不是我，二，我朋友里面也没有这样的人。（笑声）对我来说，那是长达一年的斗争。是场激烈的混战。脆弱打我一拳，我又还击它一拳。最后我输了，但我或许赢回了我的生活。
然后我再度投入到了我的研究中，又花了几年时间真正试图去理解那些全身心投入生活的人，他们做了怎样的决定，他们是如何应对脆弱的。为什么我们为之痛苦挣扎？我是独自在跟脆弱斗争吗？不是。这是我学到的：我们麻痹脆弱——（例如）当我们等待（医生）电话的时候。好笑的是，我在Twitter微博和Facebook上发布了一条状态，“你怎样定义脆弱？什么会让你感到脆弱？“在1个半小时内，我收到了150条回复。因为我想知道大家都是怎么想的。（回复中有）不得不请求丈夫帮忙，因为我病了，而且我们刚结婚；跟丈夫提出要爱；跟妻子提出要爱；被拒绝；约某人出来；等待医生的答复；被裁员；裁掉别人——这就是我们生活的世界。我们活在一个脆弱的世界里。我们应对的方法之一是麻痹脆弱。
我觉得这不是没有依据——这也不是依据存在的唯一理由，我认为我们当代问题的一大部分都可以归咎于它——在美国历史上，我们是欠债最多，肥胖，毒瘾、用药最为严重的一代。问题是——我从研究中认识到——你无法选择性地麻痹感情。你不能说，这些是不好的。这是脆弱，这是悲哀，这是耻辱，这是恐惧，这是失望，我不想要这些情感。我要去喝几瓶啤酒，吃个香蕉坚果松饼。（笑声）我不想要这些情感。我知道台下传来的是会意的笑声。别忘了，我是靠“入侵”你们的生活过日子的。天哪。（笑声）你无法只麻痹那些痛苦的情感而不麻痹所有的感官，所有的情感。你无法有选择性地去麻痹。当我们麻痹那些（消极的情感），我们也麻痹了欢乐，麻痹了感恩，麻痹了幸福。然后我们会变得痛不欲生，我们继而寻找生命的意义，然后我们感到脆弱，然后我们喝几瓶啤酒，吃个香蕉坚果松饼。危险的循环就这样这形成了。
我们需要思考的一件事是我们是为什么，怎么样麻痹自己的。这不一定是指吸毒。我们麻痹自己的另一个方式是把不确定的事变得确定。宗教已经从一种信仰、一种对不可知的相信变成了确定。我是对的，你是错的。闭嘴。就是这样。只要是确定的就是好的。我们越是害怕，我们就越脆弱，然后我们变得愈加害怕。这件就是当今政治的现状。探讨已经不复存在。对话已经荡然无存。有的仅仅是指责。你知道研究领域是如何描述指责的吗？一种发泄痛苦与不快的方式。我们追求完美。如果有人想这样塑造他的生活，那个人就是我，但这行不通。因为我们做的只是把屁股上的赘肉挪到我们的脸上。（笑声）这真是，我希望一百年以后，当人们回过头来会不禁感叹：”哇！“
（笑声）
我们想要，这是最危险的，我们的孩子变得完美。让我告诉你我们是如何看待孩子的。从他们出生的那刻起，他们就注定要挣扎。当你把这些完美的宝宝抱在怀里的时候，我们的任务不是说：”看看她，她完美的无可挑剔。“而是确保她保持完美——保证她五年级的时候可以进网球队，七年级的时候稳进耶鲁。那不是我们的任务。我们的任务是注视着她，对她说，“你知道吗？你并不完美，你注定要奋斗，但你值得被爱，值得享有归属感。”这才是我们的职责。给我看用这种方式培养出来的一代孩子，我保证我们今天有的问题会得到解决。我们假装我们的行为不会影响他人。不仅在我们个人生活中我们这么做，在工作中也一样——无论是紧急救助，石油泄漏，还是产品召回——我们假装我们做的事对他人不会造成什么大影响。我想对这些公司说：嘿，这不是我们第一次牛仔竞技。我们只要你坦诚地，真心地说一句："对不起，我们会处理这个问题。“
但还有一种方法，我把它留给你们。这是我的心得：卸下我们的面具，让我们被看见，深入地被看见，即便是脆弱的一面；全心全意地去爱，尽管没有任何担保——这是最困难的，我也可以告诉你，作为一名家长，这个非常非常困难——带着一颗感恩的心，保持快乐哪怕是在最恐惧的时候哪怕我们怀疑：”我能不能爱得这么深？我能不能如此热情地相信这份感情？我能不能如此矢志不渝？“在消极的时候能打住，而不是一味地幻想事情会如何变得更糟，对自己说：”我已经很感恩了，因为能感受到这种脆弱，这意味着我还活着。“最后，还有最重要的一点，那就是相信我们已经做得够好了。因为我相信当我们在一个让人觉得“我已经足够了”的环境中打拼的时候我们会停止抱怨，开始倾听，我们会对周围的人会更友善，更温和，对自己也会更友善，更温和。
这就是我演讲的全部内容。谢谢大家。
（掌声）
在东京的这个学校，五岁大的孩子们能引发拥堵，窗户是留给圣诞老人爬进来的。让我们来看看：世界上最可爱的幼儿园，由建筑师TakaharuTezuka所设计。在这段演讲中，他向我们讲述了这一设计的由来以及它如何真正让孩子们的天性得到解放。
这是我们在20xx年设计的一个幼儿园。我们把它建成了一个环形。在屋顶上面，是一个无尽的循环。如果你是一名家长，你就知道，小孩儿们喜欢不停的转圈。那么这就是房顶的样子。
为什么我们要把它设计成这样呢？这家幼儿园的园长说："不，我不想要护栏。”我说：“那不可能。”但他坚持说：“那要不……就在屋顶边做一圈向外延伸的防护网？这样它就能接住跌落的小孩儿？“（笑声）我说：“那不可能。”
然后，当然，政府的官员告诉我：“当然，你必须得有护栏。”但我们还是可以把那个防护网的想法在树上实现。那儿有三棵从屋顶穿出的树。我们被允许用绳索当作护栏。但是，当然，绳索对小孩儿来说根本没用。他们会故意掉进去。然后更多人掉进去，还有更多，更多……（笑声）有时会有40个小孩儿同时围着树一起玩儿。那个爬在树枝上的男孩儿，他很爱这棵树，一直在不停的啃树皮。（笑声）
当幼儿园里搞活动的时候，他们就坐在围栏的边缘（观看）。这画面从下面看起来很美。简直就是动物园里的猴子。（笑声）喂食时间到～（笑声）（鼓掌）
我们把房顶尽量做得低矮，因为我们想让孩子们在屋顶上玩，而不是缩在屋檐下。如果房顶太高，你看到的就只有天花板了。
还有洗脚的地方——那儿有很多种水龙头。你可以看到，有弹性的软管…让人忍不住想用它往朋友身上喷水玩，还有淋浴的喷头…还有前面的这种…是很普通的水龙头。但是如果你仔细看，这小男孩其实并没在洗他的靴子，他是在往靴子里灌水……（笑声）
这家幼儿园完全是开放的，几乎整年都开放着。它的内部和外部之间，没有明确的界限。因此，这意味着，基本上，这个建筑，就只有一个屋顶。同样的，它的教室之间也没有界限。所以那里没有任何听觉上的阻碍。要知道，如果你把很多小孩放进一个安静的封闭空间，他们中的一些人会变得非常紧张。但在这个幼儿园里，他们没有任何理由去紧张。因为到处都没有界限。
他们的园长说，如果角落里的那个男孩儿不想呆在教室里，我们就放他走。他最终会回来的，因为这是个圆，他会转回来的。（笑声）
最关键的是，通常在这种情况下，小孩儿会试图藏在某个地方。但在这里，他们走掉之后，就只能绕一圈回来。这是个自然的过程。
其次，我们认为，噪音是非常重要的。你得知道，小孩儿在噪音里睡得更香。他们是不会在安静的空间里睡着的。在这家幼儿园里，孩子们在课堂里表现出惊人的注意力。大家知道，我们人类原本就是在那种充满噪音的丛林里长大的。——他们需要噪音。你还能够在嘈杂的酒吧里跟朋友聊天。你本来就能够适应嘈杂的环境。
当今时代，我们一直在尝试要控制所有的事情。但在这里，它是完全开放的。你们也应该知道：我们能在零下二十度的冬天滑雪。夏天，你去游泳海边的沙子高达50摄氏度。我们就是这样适应环境的。而且我们人类是防水的。不可能因为一场雨就融化了。所以，我们认为小孩儿就该呆在室外。这才是我们对待他们的正确方式。
这是他们分隔教室的方式。他们本来应该帮助老师的。但…他们没有…（笑声）不是我把他放进去的……这就是教室了。还有洗手池。他们在水池边聊天。而且教室里总是有一些树的……一只猴子想要把另一只猴子钓上去。（笑声）看，猴子们。（笑声）每个教室都至少有一个天窗。这样在圣诞节的时候，圣诞老人才有地方爬下来。
这是幼儿园的附属建筑，就建在那个椭圆形幼儿园的旁边。这个建筑只有5米高，可是里面设计了7层的空间。当然，这导致它的天花板非常矮。因此我们不得不考虑安全问题。所以，我们放了两个孩子进去，一个女孩儿，一个男孩儿。他们努力地钻进去。他撞到头了。他没事。他的骨头很硬。他适应能力很强的。因为这是我儿子。（笑声）他还在试着看能不能安全地跳下去。然后我们放了更多孩子进去。
东京的堵车太糟糕了，你懂的。（笑声）前面那个司机，她还得好好学学开车。在这个年代，孩子们需要接触一些轻微的危险。因为在这种状况下，他们就会学会互相帮助。这就是社会。这些（教育）机会正是我们如今逐渐丧失的。
现在看这幅图，它展现了一个男孩在9：10到9：30之间的运动轨迹。这栋建筑的周长是183米。它真的已经不能算小了！所以这个男孩，一早上就运动了6000米。最令人惊讶的还不止这个。这家幼儿园里的孩子们平均运动距离是4000米。与大多数幼儿园相比，这里的孩子有着最高的运动能力。园长说了：“我们不需要督促他们进行户外锻炼。把他们放到屋顶上就行。就像放羊一样。“（笑声）他们就会不停地跑啊跑。（笑声）
我的观念就是，不要去“控制”他们，也不要过多地“保护”他们，——他们有时也需要摔倒，也需要受点伤。这样他们就会从中学到如何在这个世界上生存。我认为，建筑可以改变这个世界，可以改变人们的生活。这座幼儿园，就是其中一个尝试，它改变了孩子们的生活。
非常感谢。
my subject today is learning. and in that spirit, i want to spring on youall a pop quiz. ready? when does learning begin? now as you ponder thatquestion, maybe you're thinking about the first day of preschool orkindergarten, the first time that kids are in a classroom with a teacher. ormaybe you've called to mind the toddler phase when children are learning how towalk and talk and use a fork. maybe you've encountered the zero-to-threemovement, which asserts that the most important years for learning are theearliest ones. and so your answer to my question would be: learning begins atbirth.
well today i want to present to you an idea that may be surprising and mayeven seem implausible, but which is supported by the latest evidence frompsychology and biology. and that is that some of the most important learning weever do happens before we're born, while we're still in the womb. now i'm ascience reporter. i write books and magazine articles. and i'm also a mother.and those two roles came together for me in a book that i wrote called"origins." "origins" is a report from the front lines of an e_citing new fieldcalled fetal origins. fetal origins is a scientific discipline that emerged justabout two decades ago, and it's based on the theory that our health andwell-being throughout our lives is crucially affected by the nine months wespend in the womb. now this theory was of more than just intellectual interestto me. i was myself pregnant while i was doing the research for the book. andone of the most fascinating insights i took from this work is that we're alllearning about the world even before we enter it.
when we hold our babies for the first time, we might imagine that they'reclean slates, unmarked by life, when in fact, they've already been shaped by usand by the particular world we live in. today i want to share with you some ofthe amazing things that scientists are discovering about what fetuses learnwhile they're still in their mothers' bellies.
first of all, they learn the sound of their mothers' voices. because soundsfrom the outside world have to travel through the mother's abdominal tissue andthrough the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus, the voices fetuses hear,starting around the fourth month of gestation, are muted and muffled. oneresearcher says that they probably sound a lot like the the voice of charliebrown's teacher in the old "peanuts" cartoon. but the pregnant woman's own voicereverberates through her body, reaching the fetus much more readily. and becausethe fetus is with her all the time, it hears her voice a lot. once the baby'sborn, it recognizes her voice and it prefers listening to her voice over anyoneelse's.
how can we know this? newborn babies can't do much, but one thing they'rereally good at is sucking. researchers take advantage of this fact by rigging uptwo rubber nipples, so that if a baby sucks on one, it hears a recording of itsmother's voice on a pair of headphones, and if it sucks on the other nipple, ithears a recording of a female stranger's voice. babies quickly show theirpreference by choosing the first one. scientists also take advantage of the factthat babies will slow down their sucking when something interests them andresume their fast sucking when they get bored. this is how researchersdiscovered that, after women repeatedly read aloud a section of dr. seuss' "thecat in the hat" while they were pregnant, their newborn babies recognized thatpassage when they hear it outside the womb. my favorite e_periment of this kindis the one that showed that the babies of women who watched a certain soap operaevery day during pregnancy recognized the theme song of that show once they wereborn. so fetuses are even learning about the particular language that's spokenin the world that they'll be born into.
a study published last year found that from birth, from the moment ofbirth, babies cry in the accent of their mother's native language. french babiescry on a rising note while german babies end on a falling note, imitating themelodic contours of those languages. now why would this kind of fetal learningbe useful? it may have evolved to aid the baby's survival. from the moment ofbirth, the baby responds most to the voice of the person who is most likely tocare for it -- its mother. it even makes its cries sound like the mother'slanguage, which may further endear the baby to the mother, and which may givethe baby a head start in the critical task of learning how to understand andspeak its native language.
but it's not just sounds that fetuses are learning about in utero. it'salso tastes and smells. by seven months of gestation, the fetus' taste buds arefully developed, and its olfactory receptors, which allow it to smell, arefunctioning. the flavors of the food a pregnant woman eats find their way intothe amniotic fluid, which is continuously swallowed by the fetus. babies seem toremember and prefer these tastes once they're out in the world. in onee_periment, a group of pregnant women was asked to drink a lot of carrot juiceduring their third trimester of pregnancy, while another group of pregnant womendrank only water. si_ months later, the women's infants were offered cerealmi_ed with carrot juice, and their facial e_pressions were observed while theyate it. the offspring of the carrot juice drinking women ate morecarrot-flavored cereal, and from the looks of it, they seemed to enjoy itmore.
a sort of french version of this e_periment was carried out in dijon,france where researchers found that mothers who consumed food and drink flavoredwith licorice-flavored anise during pregnancy showed a preference for anise ontheir first day of life, and again, when they were tested later, on their fourthday of life. babies whose mothers did not eat anise during pregnancy showed areaction that translated roughly as "yuck." what this means is that fetuses areeffectively being taught by their mothers about what is safe and good to eat.fetuses are also being taught about the particular culture that they'll bejoining through one of culture's most powerful e_pressions, which is food.they're being introduced to the characteristic flavors and spices of theirculture's cuisine even before birth.
now it turns out that fetuses are learning even bigger lessons. but beforei get to that, i want to address something that you may be wondering about. thenotion of fetal learning may conjure up for you attempts to enrich the fetus --like playing mozart through headphones placed on a pregnant belly. but actually,the nine-month-long process of molding and shaping that goes on in the womb is alot more visceral and consequential than that. much of what a pregnant womanencounters in her daily life -- the air she breathes, the food and drink sheconsumes, the chemicals she's e_posed to, even the emotions she feels -- areshared in some fashion with her fetus. they make up a mi_ of influences asindividual and idiosyncratic as the woman herself. the fetus incorporates theseofferings into its own body, makes them part of its flesh and blood. and oftenit does something more. it treats these maternal contributions as information,as what i like to call biological postcards from the world outside.
so what a fetus is learning about in utero is not mozart's "magic flute"but answers to questions much more critical to its survival. will it be borninto a world of abundance or scarcity? will it be safe and protected, or will itface constant dangers and threats? will it live a long, fruitful life or ashort, harried one? the pregnant woman's diet and stress level in particularprovide important clues to prevailing conditions like a finger lifted to thewind. the resulting tuning and tweaking of a fetus' brain and other organs arepart of what give us humans our enormous fle_ibility, our ability to thrive in ahuge variety of environments, from the country to the city, from the tundra tothe desert.
to conclude, i want to tell you two stories about how mothers teach theirchildren about the world even before they're born. in the autumn of 1944, thedarkest days of world war ii, german troops blockaded western holland, turningaway all shipments of food. the opening of the nazi's siege was followed by oneof the harshest winters in decades -- so cold the water in the canals frozesolid. soon food became scarce, with many dutch surviving on just 500 calories aday -- a quarter of what they consumed before the war. as weeks of deprivationstretched into months, some resorted to eating tulip bulbs. by the beginning ofmay, the nation's carefully rationed food reserve was completely e_hausted. thespecter of mass starvation loomed. and then on may 5th, 1945, the siege came toa sudden end when holland was liberated by the allies.
the "hunger winter," as it came to be known, killed some 10,000 people andweakened thousands more. but there was another population that was affected --the 40,000 fetuses in utero during the siege. some of the effects ofmalnutrition during pregnancy were immediately apparent in higher rates ofstillbirths, birth defects, low birth weights and infant mortality. but otherswouldn't be discovered for many years. decades after the "hunger winter,"researchers documented that people whose mothers were pregnant during the siegehave more obesity, more diabetes and more heart disease in later life thanindividuals who were gestated under normal conditions. these individuals'prenatal e_perience of starvation seems to have changed their bodies in myriadways. they have higher blood pressure, poorer cholesterol profiles and reducedglucose tolerance -- a precursor of diabetes.
why would undernutrition in the womb result in disease later? onee_planation is that fetuses are making the best of a bad situation. when food isscarce, they divert nutrients towards the really critical organ, the brain, andaway from other organs like the heart and liver. this keeps the fetus alive inthe short-term, but the bill comes due later on in life when those other organs,deprived early on, become more susceptible to disease.
but that may not be all that's going on. it seems that fetuses are takingcues from the intrauterine environment and tailoring their physiologyaccordingly. they're preparing themselves for the kind of world they willencounter on the other side of the womb. the fetus adjusts its metabolism andother physiological processes in anticipation of the environment that awaits it.and the basis of the fetus' prediction is what its mother eats. the meals apregnant woman consumes constitute a kind of story, a fairy tale of abundance ora grim chronicle of deprivation. this story imparts information that the fetususes to organize its body and its systems -- an adaptation to prevailingcircumstances that facilitates its future survival. faced with severely limitedresources, a smaller-sized child with reduced energy requirements will, in fact,have a better chance of living to adulthood.
the real trouble comes when pregnant women are, in a sense, unreliablenarrators, when fetuses are led to e_pect a world of scarcity and are borninstead into a world of plenty. this is what happened to the children of thedutch "hunger winter." and their higher rates of obesity, diabetes and heartdisease are the result. bodies that were built to hang onto every calorie foundthemselves swimming in the superfluous calories of the post-war western diet.the world they had learned about while in utero was not the same as the worldinto which they were born.
here's another story. at 8:46 a.m. on september 11th, __, there were tensof thousands of people in the vicinity of the world trade center in new york --commuters spilling off trains, waitresses setting tables for the morning rush,brokers already working the phones on wall street. 1,700 of these people werepregnant women. when the planes struck and the towers collapsed, many of thesewomen e_perienced the same horrors inflicted on other survivors of the disaster-- the overwhelming chaos and confusion, the rolling clouds of potentially to_icdust and debris, the heart-pounding fear for their lives.
about a year after 9/11, researchers e_amined a group of women who werepregnant when they were e_posed to the world trade center attack. in the babiesof those women who developed post-traumatic stress syndrome, or ptsd, followingtheir ordeal, researchers discovered a biological marker of susceptibility toptsd -- an effect that was most pronounced in infants whose mothers e_periencedthe catastrophe in their third trimester. in other words, the mothers withpost-traumatic stress syndrome had passed on a vulnerability to the condition totheir children while they were still in utero.
now consider this: post-traumatic stress syndrome appears to be a reactionto stress gone very wrong, causing its victims tremendous unnecessary suffering.but there's another way of thinking about ptsd. what looks like pathology to usmay actually be a useful adaptation in some circumstances. in a particularlydangerous environment, the characteristic manifestations of ptsd -- ahyper-awareness of one's surroundings, a quick-trigger response to danger --could save someone's life. the notion that the prenatal transmission of ptsdrisk is adaptive is still speculative, but i find it rather poignant. it wouldmean that, even before birth, mothers are warning their children that it's awild world out there, telling them, "be careful."
let me be clear. fetal origins research is not about blaming women for whathappens during pregnancy. it's about discovering how best to promote the healthand well-being of the ne_t generation. that important effort must include afocus on what fetuses learn during the nine months they spend in the womb.learning is one of life's most essential activities, and it begins much earlierthan we ever imagined.
thank you.
敬爱的老师，亲爱的同学：
曾有一个人，以笔当武器有力地打击日本侵略者，而他的“横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛”，有如太极一般柔中带刚;曾有一个人，他放弃可苟且偷安的生活，毅然投身随时有着生命危险的革命事业，率领中国人民打下了属于自己的江山。
前者与后者在同一个时代，那是中国沦落的时代。在列强侵略的铁蹄践踏下的中国，人民的民族意识仍然很弱，仍在外来侵略者以及军阀的压迫下过着浑浑噩噩的生活。前者刚开始并没有意识到精神上的麻木才是最可怕的，他看到的只是民不聊生的惨状，当他看到人们在病痛的折磨下而含恨离世，他突然想到如果能成为一名救死扶伤的医生，医治病人，也许人民的生活会好起来。
于是他不辞辛苦飘洋来到异国学习医术。他很努力，只希望早日学成，回国去抢救那些正处于水深火热之中的人民，但在一次令他终身难忘的事情之后，他改变了他的认识。他不再热衷于学医，而是拿起锋利的毛笔与侵略者做抗挣。
那一天他路过街边的电影院，瞥见了银幕上中国人目睹自己的同胞受到侵略者迫害而毫无反应地令人吃惊的一幕，此时此刻他如醍醐灌顶一般猛地清醒过来了，原来仅仅医治好人们的肉体是不够的，因为无法医治好他们麻木的灵魂，即使拥有健康的身体也永远只是任人使唤，任人践踏的奴隶。要想让人民过上幸福的生活，让祖国摆脱列强地控制，就必须改变人们的思想，让人民觉醒!他弃医从文，先改变了自己，然后用自己的笔唤醒了无数的中国人。
后者同样生活当时那个兵荒马乱的年代，他目睹民生疾苦，便发誓要改变中国现状，尽管父亲封建，甚至不让他读书，接受文化的熏陶。但他叛逆，偏偏要上激进的学堂，他从老师那知道了到中国民不聊生的根源，愈来愈按柰不住自己那颗已经被改变的想法塞满的心。
但他又异常冷静，他知道以个人之力要谈改变，无异于飞蛾扑火，想要中国彻底摆脱列强的统治，军阀的压迫，就必须结交天下的爱国爱民的仁人志士，共同_旧制度，改变旧中国。在湖南第一师范的那几年，师生之间的志同道合，大大的鼓舞了他。在后来他投身革命后还总结分析出了前辈想要改革为何却屡屡以失败告终的原因，于是他发出了”枪杆子底下出政权“的历史性的呼声，从次中国无产阶级组建起自己的武装力量，为后来打下新中国奠定了基础。
这两位爱国人士想必大家都知道，他们的丰功伟绩也永载史册。他们想改变国家，改变世界，就先从改变自身做起。自己拥有了目标，有了抱负，才能改变自己，改变世界!有时的成功并不是来源于不变的固执，而是改变，学会审时度势，学会变通。
春天到了，青蛙又开始“呱呱”地唱歌了，我发现又有人在田野里开始捕捉青蛙了，使青蛙成为那些人的“盘餐中”，我感到非常痛心。
青蛙是动物世界中最出色的“庄稼的保护神”。它头上那两只圆而突出的眼睛，能让它看清庄稼天敌，但捉害虫全靠它又长又宽的舌头，舌根长口腔的前面，舌尖向那么一伸，快速地伸长长的舌头，一下子把害虫粘住，然后吃掉。青蛙的背上有绿色的深色花纹，腹部是白色，能帮它逃脱天敌血盆大口。身体下面有四条腿，前腿短，后腿长。青蛙是两栖动物，不仅能在地上跳，而且也能在水里游。
青蛙吃苍蝇，蚊子，蝗虫，小飞娥等害虫，一天大约能吃掉120只，半年下来就能吃掉15000只，这是多么大的功劳哇!就连青蛙的幼虫 ------蝌蚪也能消灭许多害虫哩!真不愧“庄稼的保护神”，农民伯伯的好助手呀!
从现在开始，我们一起保护“庄稼的保护神”------ 青蛙吧!让我们共同保护[动物]生态平衡!
时间，白驹过隙的一瞬，看着窗外‘新世纪’酒店放的烟花，才真正的明白了元旦已经来临，岁月敲响了新的一年的大门。或许在给这文章落款时，我已踏进了20__。
生命轮回的影子，错过、不能错过的瞬间不断交织，最终消逝在冗长的遂道里，被风化，随时间曲折散去。人的一生又有多长，粗略一算，大概紧有的两万多天的时日，而我们一半的时间又在睡梦之中，剩下的，才能让我们自由得支配，或挥霍，或好好珍惜每一天。有人感慨时间的伧促，有人抱怨生命的短暂，还有人醉生梦死，将时间看待凝滞，于是产生了矛盾，对立与统一的结合。两点论告诉我们，在研究事物发展过程中，我们要看到主要矛盾和次要矛盾，要看到矛盾的主要方面和次要方面;重点论要我们在研究复杂事物发展过程中，要着重把握主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面。人这辈子就这么个理儿，调动你的主观能动性来看待你的人生。
昨天是诸葛祥星的生日，同学唱了首歌《明天会更好》。轻轻敲醒沉睡的心灵、看看忙碌的世界依然孤独的转个不停。唱出我们的热情，让我们的笑容充满着青春的骄傲，去期待着明天会更好。曾几何时，我们放飞梦想，让它插上翅膀，飞到很远的地方;曾几何时，我们播种下希望，用执著的满腔热忱去浇灌它成长…年轻的理想似蜗牛在晨曦中蜿蜒，心里明明藏着另一方净土，却不明白怎会风化成只有宋词的哀叹。
人的一生在世间浮沉，难免会迷失方向、迷失自己。因而，能够时刻正确认识自己，就显得尤为重要。苏格拉底曾说：“美德即知识，认识你自己。”这恰恰说明了，能够正确认识自己，也是一种至高无上的美德。
有的时候，人们迷失了自己，只是无法找寻到自己真实的存在，不知道自己存在的意义和价值，因而对人生感到迷茫。这个时候，只需要继续寻找，总能够找到前进的方向。然而有的时候，人们迷失了自己之后，不去寻找真实的自己，反而把自己臆想成另一种存在，然后就以那种存在的姿态去继续自己的人生。那种时候，人们就很难再找回自己，甚至会走上一条极端的不归路。
就如同古代帝王，相信每一任帝王在登基之初都是想做一任明君造福百姓的。但是有的帝王会因为权欲熏心，真的把自己当成神，可以主宰终生，最终背离了自己的初衷。纣王要剖比干之心，厉王要“止谤”，连一代圣君唐太宗也差点杀掉勇于劝谏的魏征。由此可见，不能正确认识自己的后果是多么可怕。这也说明了，正确认识自己，有的时候帮助的甚至不仅仅是自己。
但是，在人生迷茫之后，还能正确认识自己，真的那么困难吗?
其实，正确认识自己，只需要自己足够虚心，能够听取别人的意见和建议，有去正视自己和改过自新的勇气便可。
齐王在听了邹忌的劝谏之后，立刻认识到自己的不足，下令改革。法国作家卢梭，他的《忏悔录》是一部空前绝后的“灵魂自白书”，他在书中真实地记录了他的一生，包括他曾做过小偷、抛弃挚友、嫁祸他人的种.种丑行。读此《忏悔录》时常令人感到触目惊心，因为当他把自己剖析得体无完肤的时候，就是他真正认识自己、超越了自己的时候。
所以说，有的时候，正确认识自己，只需要自己思维的一个转变，但就是这样一个小小的转变，带来的影响却可以是不可估量的。对于个人而言，正确认识自己可以帮助自己更好地发展，有时也可以造福身边的人。而对于统治阶级而言，正确认识自己，就可以造福整个国家，给整个社会带去宁静安乐。
人生来不就是为了找到自己真实的存在吗?所以，正确认识自己吧。
寒假里，一向喜欢运动的我只报了一个运动班——羽毛球班，可这次的教练，让我收获了一个意想不到的知识。
记得寒假的第一节羽毛球课，教我打羽毛球的教练有翻天覆地的变化，原先教我的是吴教练，可这是最厉害的阮教练教我们，阮教练原先是教高级，最喜欢用杀球来打那些不听话的人，虽然我没有尝试过，但看那力度，就会让我忐忑不安。
当我第一次和阮教练打球时，经常有十几个球打不到对面，而我却为了接到球跑的气喘吁吁，“下一个”阮教练每次都用复杂的声音，对我说着，眼神里流露出一丝无奈。
过了几天后，阮教练好像在家里想了很久，在今天做了一个决定，“每个人有一个球打不过网，就两个俯卧撑。”我一听，立刻傻了，我一般有十几个球没打过来，那不是要做二十几个俯卧撑，那不累死。但教练已经下了命令，不能不遵从，只好尽力而为吧!我痛苦的想着。“下一个。”教练忽然叫道。我定眼看了看，到我了，时间怎么过的这样快?只好尽力而为。
“前面两个球，后面开放。”教练大声叫道，“妈呀!”我小声嘀咕着，“为什么一到我就变换一个打法?”可这是，阮教练已经发球，我只好认认真真地打球，想一切方法让我可以准确地打到每一个球。我不停地跑，喜欢出汗的我已经汗流满面，可我还是努力接到球。“一个，哈哈，你终于有一个了。”教练说道，“还有几个，加油哦!这时，我万分激动，刚刚有十几个，这次只有一个，太好了。我的眼睛里留下了成功的泪花。
这件事已经过去了几天几夜，但我的脑海里对这件事仍然记忆犹新，阮教练叫我们做俯卧撑，其实就是给我们加大压力，有一句俗话说：有了压力，就有了动力。“因为做俯卧撑累，辛苦，所以我为了不做俯卧撑，当然就会想方设法接到球。
Hi. I'm here to talk to you about the importance of praise, admiration and thank you, and having it be specific and genuine.
嗨。我在这里要和大家谈谈 向别人表达赞美，倾佩和谢意的重要性。 并使它们听来真诚，具体。
And the way I got interested in this was, I noticed in myself, when I was growing up, and until about a few years ago, that I would want to say thank you to someone, I would want to praise them, I would want to take in their praise of me and I'd just stop it. And I asked myself, whyI felt shy, I felt embarrassed. And then my question became, am I the only one who does thisSo, I decided to investigate.
之所以我对此感兴趣 是因为我从我自己的成长中注意到 几年前， 当我想要对某个人说声谢谢时， 当我想要赞美他们时， 当我想接受他们对我的赞扬， 但我却没有说出口。 我问我自己，这是为什么？ 我感到害羞，我感到尴尬。 接着我产生了一个问题 难道我是唯一一个这么做的人吗？ 所以我决定做些探究。
I'm fortunate enough to work in the facility, so I get to see people who are facing life and death with addiction. And sometimes it comes down to something as simple as, their core wound is their father died without ever saying he's proud of them. But then, they hear from all the family and friends that the father told everybody else that he was proud of him, but he never told the son. It's because he didn't know that his son needed to hear it.
我非常幸运的在一家康复中心工作， 所以我可以看到那些因为上瘾而面临生与死的人。 有时候这一切可以非常简单地归结为， 他们最核心的创伤来自于他们父亲到死都未说过“他为他们而自豪”。 但他们从所有其它家庭或朋友那里得知 他的父亲告诉其他人为他感到自豪， 但这个父亲从没告诉过他儿子。 因为他不知道他的儿子需要听到这一切。
So my question is, why don't we ask for the things that we needI know a gentleman, married for 25 years, who's longing to hear his wife say, "Thank you for being the breadwinner, so I can stay home with the kids," but won't ask. I know a woman who's good at this. She, once a week, meets with her husband and says, "I'd really like you to thank me for all these things I did in the house and with the kids." And he goes, "Oh, this is great, this is great." And praise really does have to be genuine, but she takes responsibility for that. And a friend of mine, April, who I've had since kindergarten, she thanks her children for doing their . And she said, "Why wouldn't I thank it, even though they're supposed to do it"
因此我的问题是，为什么我们不索求我们需要的东西呢？ 我认识一个结婚25年的男士 渴望听到他妻子说， “感谢你为这个家在外赚钱，这样我才能在家陪伴着孩子，” 但他从来不
去问。 我认识一个精于此道的女士。 每周一次，她见到丈夫后会说， “我真的希望你为我对这个家和孩子们付出的努力而感谢我。” 他会应和到“哦，真是太棒了，真是太棒了。” 赞扬别人一定要真诚， 但她对赞美承担了责任。 一个从我上幼儿园就一直是朋友的叫April的人， 她会感谢她的孩子们做了家务。 她说：“为什么我不表示感谢呢，即使他们本来就要做那些事情？”
So, the question is, why was I blocking itWhy were other people blocking itWhy can I say, "I'll take my steak , I need size six shoes," but I won't say, "Would you praise me this way" And it's because I'm giving you critical data about me. I'm telling you where I'm insecure. I'm telling you where I need your help. And I'm treating you, my inner circle, like you're the enemy. Because what can you do with that dataYou could neglect me. You could abuse it. Or you could actually meet my need.
因此我的问题是，为什么我不说呢？ 为什么其它人不说呢？ 为什么我能说：“我要一块中等厚度的牛排， 我需要6号尺寸的鞋子，” 但我却不能说：“你可以赞扬我吗？” 因为这会使我把我的重要信息与你分享。 会让我告诉了你我内心的不安。 会让你认为我需要你的帮助。 虽然你是我最贴心的人， 我却把你当作是敌人。 你会用我托付给你的重要信息做些什么呢？ 你可以忽视我。 你可以滥用它。 或者你可以满足我的要求。
And I took my bike into the bike store-- I love this -- same bike, and they'd do something called "truing" the wheels. The guy said, "You know, when you true the wheels, it's going to make the bike so much better." I get the same bike back, and they've taken all the little warps out of those same wheels I've had for two and a half years, and my bike is like new. So, I'm going to challenge all of you. I want you to true your wheels: be honest about the praise that you need to hear. What do you need to hearGo home to your wife -- go ask her, what does she needGo home to your husband -- what does he needGo home and ask those questions, and then help the people around you.
我把我的自行车拿到车行－－我喜欢这么做－－ 同样的`自行车，他们会对车轮做整形。 那里的人说：“当你对车轮做整形时， 它会使自行车变成更好。” 我把这辆自行车拿回来， 他们把有小小弯曲的铁丝从轮子上拿走 这辆车我用了2年半，现在还像新的一样。 所以我要问在场的所有人， 我希望你们把你们的车轮整形一下： 真诚面对对你们想听到的赞美。 你们想听到什么呢？ 回家问问你们的妻子，她想听到什么？ 回家问问你们的丈夫，他想听到什么？ 回家问问这些问题，并帮助身边的人实现它们。
And it's simple. And why should we care about thisWe talk about world peace. How can we have world peace with different cultures, different languagesI think it starts household by household, under the same roof. So, let's make it right in our own backyard. And I want to thank all of you in the audience for
being great husbands, great mothers, friends, daughters, sons. And maybe somebody's never said that to you, but you've done a really, really good job. And thank you for being here, just showing up and changing the world with your ideas.
非常简单。 为什么要关心这个呢？ 我们谈论世界和平。 我们怎么用不同的文化，不同的语言来保持世界和平？ 我想要从每个小家庭开始。 所以让我们在家里就把这件事情做好。 我想要感谢所有在这里的人们 因为你们是好丈夫，好母亲， 好伙伴，好女儿和好儿子。 或许有些人从没跟你们说过 但你们已经做得非常非常得出色了。
界显示着你们的智慧，并用它们改变着世界。 感谢你们来到这里， 向世
丘吉尔说：成功的秘诀就是：坚持、坚持、再坚持
股神”巴菲特成功的秘诀：耐力胜过脑力
朱熹：立志不坚，终不济事。
毛泽东：苟有恒，何必三更起五更眠;最无益，只怕一日曝十日寒
…….
这样的名言警句我年青时背过不少，但回头想想，什么也没有坚持下来什么，除了每天看两三个TED演讲坚持了多年，并通过TEDtoChina分享给更多人，算来现在也有一千多个演讲了，从个人开拓视野，思考新知的角度来说，这是一种成功。
关于意志力、持久心对于『成功』的影响大多是一两句的泛泛而谈，很少有人从心理学或者统计学上做深入研究。在20xx年的TED教育专题上Angela Lee就分享了她在这方面的研究。
Angela在27岁时辞去很悲催的管理咨询工作，转而到纽约公立学校教七年级数学。她发现最好和最差学生的差异并不仅仅是智商，坚韧的性格起很大作用，几年的教学经验使她相信：我们的教育所需要的是一种对学生、对学习更好的理解—— 从动机的角度、 从心理的角度去理解，而不仅仅是智商单一的维度。后来Angela继续她的心理学博士学习，研究儿童与成人在各种艰巨挑战中的表现，看谁会成功?为什么会成功?
她和研究团队去西点军校，尝试预测哪些学员能通过军事训练，哪些会放弃;去看全国拼字比赛，预测哪些孩子能在比赛中笑到最后;研究在非常艰苦的环境下工作的新教师，预测哪些教师能坚持这份职业，预测哪些教师教出的学生成绩的提高最为显著;她和公司合作预测哪些销售人员能保住饭碗?谁能赚最多钱?… …在不同的背景下，她发现意志力指标是观测重点，而非社交能力、美丽的外貌、健康的身体，更不是智商。
意志力是什么?是面对长远目标时的热情和毅力，是有耐力的表现，是日复一日依然对未来坚信不已——不只是这周、 不只是这个月，而是年复一年地用心、努力工作来实现所坚信的那个未来。意志力是将生活看作是一场马拉松而非短跑。
Angela在芝加哥公立学校研究意志力时请数以千计高中生填写关于意志力的问卷，然后等了大约一年多看看谁会毕业。结果发现，意志力越坚定的孩子毕业的可能性明显越高，而家庭收入，标准化测验的分数等指标则的相关性则没那么强。她的调查资料非常清楚地揭示有很多才华横溢的人并不能坚持到底。事实上，意志力通常与才华无关，有时甚至成反比。
意志力不仅仅对学校学生重要，创业者、普通员工任何人都很重要。在我组织TEDx活动时认识很多NGO从业者、创业者、艺术家、成功企业家等，他们都是有故事的人，在和他们的访谈中，他们都有一个共通点：不懈的坚持、强大的意志力让他们成为与众不同的、脱颖而出的一群人。
意志力如此重要，如何锻炼加强这种性格要素?科学界对于如何锻炼意志力知之甚少。家长经常问老师 “如何锻炼孩子们的意志力? 我怎么教会孩子坚实的职业道德? 怎样才能让他们有长远的动力?” 这个没人能回答，如果哪位家长来问我，我会反问：您为人父母，你有意志力嘛?您能给孩子做个意志力的榜样吗?我相信父母是培养孩子意志力的第一责任人。
关于锻炼孩子们的意志， 到目前为止最好的理论斯坦福大学Carol Dweck教授的“成长型思维模式”理论，这个理论相信学习的能力不是一成不变的，它会由于你的努力发生变化。当孩子们在学习大脑的相关知识，以及大脑在面对挑战时会怎样变化和成长时，他们更有可能在失败时继续坚持，因为他们不相信他们永远会失败。
这个TED演讲人Angela也令人钦佩，她在研究学生意志力项目上坚持多年，看看她其中跨越一年的高中生毕业项目就知道，她有不懈的意志，做研究也需要这样的耐力，这个是我们很多研究人员缺乏的。
意志力决定你的未来。Grit is sticking with your future — day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years — and working really hard to make that future a reality 不懈的意志，我缺，我太缺了!我是反面教材。
亲爱的同学们：
大家好!
今天我国旗下演讲的题目是《健康饮食从我做起》。
每一家的健康与食品息息相关，随着经济社会不断进步，人们饮食文化日益多样化，食品卫生与安全成为备受关注的话题。
要健康饮食，就要做到以下几点：
1.不购买街边小吃或街边小店的垃圾食品，去一些正规超市购买食物。
2.买所需食品时，要注意生产日期、保质期、QS生产许可标志等等。
3.认准品牌购买，尽量买一些有品牌的食品。
4.少吃油炸食品及零食，多吃蔬菜水果等有营养的食品。
5.不买价格明显过低的食品，不要贪小失大。
注意以上几点，就大致能做到安全饮食了。俗话说：“民以食为天”。说得通俗一点就是人们每天要吃和喝，食物是人类赖以生存的物质。食品的质量决定了人类生命的质量。因此，食品必须是安全的并且有益健康的。
同时，也呼吁食品安全，关系你我他，但愿生产者不再为食品安全脸红，国人不再为食品安全担心，国家不再为食品安全丢脸。现在，让我们一起行动起来，杜绝有害食品，倡导绿色食品!希望同学们听了我这次的讲话后都健康饮食，健康地成长。
谢谢大家!
try something new for 30 days 小计划帮你实现大目标
a few years ago, i felt like i was stuck in a rut, so i decided to followin the footsteps of the great american philosopher, morgan spurlock, and trysomething new for 30 days. the idea is actually pretty simple. think aboutsomething you’ve always wanted to add to your life and try it for the ne_t 30days. it turns out, 30 days is just about the right amount of time to add a newhabit or subtract a habit — like watching the news — from your life.
几年前， 我感觉对老一套感到枯燥乏味，所以我决定追随伟大的美国哲学家摩根·斯普尔洛克的脚步，尝试做新事情30天。这个想法的确是非常简单。考虑下，你常想在你生命中做的一些事情 接下来30天尝试做这些。这就是，30天刚好是这么一段合适的时间 去养成一个新的习惯或者改掉一个习惯——例如看新闻——在你生活中。
there’s a few things i learned while doing these 30-day challenges. thefirst was, instead of the months flying by, forgotten, the time was much morememorable. this was part of a challenge i did to take a picture everyday for amonth. and i remember e_actly where i was and what i was doing that day. i alsonoticed that as i started to do more and harder 30-day challenges, myself-confidence grew. i went from desk-dwelling computer nerd to the kind of guywho bikes to work — for fun. even last year, i ended up hiking up mt.kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in africa. i would never have been thatadventurous before i started my 30-day challenges.
当我在30天做这些挑战性事情时，我学到以下一些事。第一件事是，取代了飞逝而过易被遗忘的岁月的是这段时间非常的更加令人难忘。挑战的一部分是要一个月内每天我要去拍摄一张照片。我清楚地记得那一天我所处的位置我都在干什么。我也注意到随着我开始做更多的，更难的30天里具有挑战性的事时，我自信心也增强了。我从一个台式计算机宅男极客变成了一个爱骑自行车去工作的人——为了玩乐。甚至去年，我完成了在非洲最高山峰乞力马扎罗山的远足。在我开始这30天做挑战性的事之前我从来没有这样热爱冒险过。
i also figured out that if you really want something badly enough, you cando anything for 30 days. have you ever wanted to write a novel? every november,tens of thousands of people try to write their own 50,000 word novel fromscratch in 30 days. it turns out, all you have to do is write 1,667 words a dayfor a month. so i did. by the way, the secret is not to go to sleep until you’vewritten your words for the day. you might be sleep-deprived, but you’ll finishyour novel. now is my book the ne_t great american novel? no. i wrote it in amonth. it’s awful. but for the rest of my life, if i meet john hodgman at a tedparty, i don’t have to say, “i’m a computer scientist.” no, no, if i want to ican say, “i’m a novelist.”
我也认识到如果你真想一些槽糕透顶的事，你可以在30天里做这些事。你曾想写小说吗?每年11月，数以万计的人们在30天里，从零起点尝试写他们自己的5万字小说。这结果就是，你所要去做的事就是每天写1667个字要写一个月。所以我做到了。顺便说一下，秘密在于除非在一天里你已经写完了1667个字，要不你就甭想睡觉。你可能被剥夺睡眠，但你将会完成你的小说。那么我写的书会是下一部伟大的美国小说吗?不是的。我在一个月内写完它。它看上去太可怕了。但在我的余生，如果我在一个ted聚会上遇见约翰·霍奇曼，我不必开口说，“我是一个电脑科学家。”不，不会的，如果我愿意我可以说，“我是一个小说家。”
(laughter)
(笑声)
so here’s one last thing i’d like to mention. i learned that when i madesmall, sustainable changes, things i could keep doing, they were more likely tostick. there’s nothing wrong with big, crazy challenges. in fact, they’re a tonof fun. but they’re less likely to stick. when i gave up sugar for 30 days, day31 looked like this.
我这儿想提的最后一件事。当我做些小的、持续性的变化，我可以不断尝试做的事时，我学到我可以把它们更容易地坚持做下来。这和又大又疯狂的具有挑战性的事情无关。事实上，它们的乐趣无穷。但是，它们就不太可能坚持做下来。当我在30天里拒绝吃糖果，31天后看上去就像这样。
(laughter)
(笑声)
so here’s my question to you: what are you waiting for? i guarantee you thene_t 30 days are going to pass whether you like it or not, so why not thinkabout something you have always wanted to try and give it a shot for the ne_t 30days.
所以我给大家提的问题是：大家还在等什么呀?我保准大家在未来的30天定会经历你喜欢或者不喜欢的事，那么为什么不考虑一些你常想做的尝试并在未来30天里试试给自己一个机会。
thanks.
谢谢。
(applause)
(掌声)
亲爱的同学们：
大家好!
我今天演讲的主题是“关注食品安全”。
随着中国社会经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高，人们越来越重视健康和食品安全，尤其是“__”奶粉等食品安全事件的发生，这也引起了人们的关注。
给我们敲响了安全的警钟，“食品安全”已成为与国民健康，社会稳定，经济发展和市场繁荣相关的重要因素。
对于我们每个同学来说，学习和了解相关的食品卫生知识，养成良好的饮食习惯，提高自我保护意识，抵制劣质食品的诱惑是非常必要和实际的。
但我们经常看到一些学生在校园的杂货店，餐馆甚至小摊子前，一些学生在购买、食用价廉质次的食品。那么，你了解这些看似诱人和便宜的食物背后的危险吗?
据卫生监督部门的技术人员介绍，由于学生的零用钱相对有限，大多数这些经营者“便宜进便宜出”，采取购买一些“三无”产品的原则，大多数食品是基于颜料和糖精。在这里我建议学生：
1.建立食品安全概念，了解食品安全知识，增强自我保护能力。购买食品时，应选择常规的大型购物中心和超市。购买食品时，应尽量选择一些知名品牌。同时，我们必须注意食品包装上是否有制造商，生产日期以及保质期是否已过。
如果你在小商店购买食品，你必须看好制造商，生产日期，保质期，注意包装袋是否损坏。无生产许可证和qs徽标的食品不能购买或食用。
2.养成良好的饮食观念。不食用流动摊点的小吃、零食等，自觉抵制，三无食物，劣质食品，学生在学校尽可能在学校食堂吃饭。
3.养成健康的饮食习惯。不挑食，不偏食，一日三餐，定时定量，不暴饮暴食。带上自己的杯子，多喝开水。事实上，开水是的饮料。
有些饮料含有防腐剂，色素等，经常饮用不利于年轻学生的健康。
老师，同学们，食品安全都是不小的事，“病从口入”重预防。如今，已进入春天的季节万物复苏，各种细菌正在悄然滋生和迅速传播。
让我们自觉行动，注重食品安全，重视“问题食品”对身体健康和青少年成长的危害，远离“问题食品”和“不合格食品”，不断提高我们的食品安全意识。自我保护意识，为构建平安和谐、健康向上的校园环境而不懈努力!
谢谢大家!
长大以后，我只能奔跑，一边失去，一边在寻找，明天你好，即使含着泪微笑。——题记
青岛一五年的第一场雪在一中校园里纷飞，我独自站在窗口望那“鹅毛”纷纷落落，心无感触似是无稽之谈，但是要我说出那其中的感触，我只能笑而不语。不是一个人独行惯了才独自赏雪，只是认为唯有一人才能体会到一片雪花飘荡在这万千孤独的迷茫。路漫漫，及行迷之未远，归。
喧闹的环境伴随着阶梯教室那扇门打开而渐渐平息。我望着一身材平平的男人向我们走来，在无尽的掌声中向我们鞠躬，那瞬间我是木讷的，为什么如此成功之人会这般谦逊，我眯起眼，妄想从其中汲取些许。身边的朋友无一不被外籍校长抓住了眼球，而我的目光一直停留在他的身上未曾离去。随着讲座的开始，那段往事渐渐地浮现在我们的眼前。听他讲到那坎坷崎岖的路程，我的眉头不由紧皱，心也随之触痛。的确!谁能想象到一双弹钢琴的手竟然曾经承担过这般的苦痛!董荣璨博士轻松的言语讲述着他在外奔波的三十年，而那些经历牵动着台下的我们每一个人的心。还好，一切的一切都是有用的，他成为了伟大的作曲家，钢琴家，艺术家，一个大写的中国人!
崇敬在我的眼眶流露，只是隔着那遥远的距离而无法传达，那炙热的情感流露无一不表达着我对他的敬仰之情!一曲现场创作像一股暖流涌向心头，简单的音符在他的手指下编织成婉转、悠扬的曲子，飘到我们的心中飘到我们的灵魂里!我的手指不由随着节奏敲打着桌面，用心去感受其中的情感。一曲《梁祝》回荡在耳旁，其中蕴含着的是三十多年的心血和汗水，满满的感情流露让我的内心有所触动，也许那天收获的不仅仅是听觉的盛宴，也是满满的内心感动。
临近一五年的尾声，忙忙碌碌的自己也似乎找到了目标。内心怀着那份信仰，马不停蹄地走着。不做无庸的事，不做无庸的人。时光荏苒，却冲刷不掉我内心怀揣的前进的激情;白驹过隙，只希望留下的是美好的回忆。怀揣着这份信念前进，让我强忍住泪水，高昂着头前进。我不畏艰难困苦，只望见了黎明的一缕曙光便会前行，那等待我的必定是我的信仰，在最后的最后，我们会相拥，拥抱明天!
我不是作曲家，无法用跳跃的音符谱写深情;我不是钢琴家，我不会用流畅的乐章流露传情;我不是艺术家，无法用高端的美展现自己。但是我心怀理想又怎么肯轻易折服?负面、消极的全都抛之脑后，趁现在，努力给自己“艺术人生”!
长大以后，我开始奔跑，即使含着泪微笑，但不远处的斑斓星光在闪烁，那便是我的信念，明天你好!
大家听到这个题目肯定很奇怪!认识自我?自己天天看自己，怎么要认识自我吧。别急，我说的是能正确认识自我!我是通过自己的错误认识自己的!
我是一位读书较好，在班里当认中队委的学生，老师总是夸我学习好，不说谎，我也得意洋洋，在别人面前炫耀。
在一个双休日，我正在写作业，快把作业OK时，一个作业难住了。我说的可不是作业题目难，是这个作业要写很多内容，现在我有是想去玩。于是，一个邪恶的念头产生：何不简便了作业。当时的我没有往常冷静的大脑，没有想想自己这样做对不对，只一味得想快点写好，早点出去玩，摆脱写作业的阴影。于是我开始了简便。
刷刷刷，几下，我就把这个作业写了好。心想：终于写好了，我的小组长是我的好朋友，不会“出卖”我的。于是我去玩了。
第二天，我的小组长来检查作业了。我把写好了的作业给他看，当他检查到最后一个作业是，说：“把这个作业拿出来。”我慢吞吞的把作业拿了出来。小组长一看，立刻大喊起来：“哇塞，中队委作业简便耶，大新闻，我要去告诉老师!”我马上制止，说：“行行好，我们可是好朋友!”但他不听这一套，马上告诉了老师。
老师知道了这件事后，马上给了我顿“竹笋烤肉”，然后，老师对我说：“李绿隆，你既然是中队委，就得给同学做好榜样，难道你这样做就是榜样?做了中队委但不能骄傲要想想老师的希望和教导……”
听了这些，我心里十分不平静，想到了老师说的话，老师说：“人不能做骗人而不敢承认的人。”同学说：“我们要做个实实在在的人!”我一定要改!!!!
在这事中，我认识了自我，认识了真实而又美好的我，这次的错误给了我很的啊的教育!
是雄鹰终究要飞向蓝天，是鲜花终究要绽放芬芳，是金子终究要闪光发亮。伟人少时就写下“自信人生二百年，会当水击三千里”，周恩来总理从小就明志“为中华之崛起而读书。”众多名人，也就因为正确认识了自己，才有今时今日的辉煌成就。因此，我们每一个人只有正确认识自己，努力做好真正的自己，才能到达成功的彼岸。
哀莫大于心死，愁莫大于无志。不论遇到多大的风浪，我们都不能迷失自己，放弃自己!达尔文的老师都说他自质平庸，但他认识自己而对各种事物不断考察研究，最后还不是阐述出进化论?牛顿小学的成绩一团糟，但他认识自己而对问题苦苦思索，最后还不是发现了地心吸引力?罗丹考三次也没考进艺术学院，但他认识自己而一心一意地雕刻，最后还不是成为了着名的艺术家?
虽然人要有志，但却不能随便立志，要看清自己，要量力而行。就像鸟儿始终不能在水里游，鱼儿始终不能在天上飞，云儿始终不能自由飘荡那样，不是吗?古有东施模仿越国美女西施，见她心口疼时的模样美丽，也就学着做，结果招来众人的冷嘲热讽，今天的我们不能再犯同样的错误了。我们要认识自己，做不来的万不可学着做。
知己知彼，百战不殆。认识自己才有胜出的可能。好好认识自己，做一个常胜将军吧!
压力大，怎么办?压力会让你心跳加速、呼吸加快、额头冒汗!当压力成为全民健康公敌时，有研究显示只有当你与压力为敌时，它才会危害你的健康。心理学家kellymcgonigal 从积极的一面分析压力，教你如何使压力变成你的朋友!
stress. it makes your heart pound, your breathing quicken and your foreheadsweat. but while stress has been made into a public health enemy, new researchsuggests that stress may only be bad for you if you believe that to be the case.psychologist kelly mcgonigal urges us to see stress as a positive, andintroduces us to an unsung mechanism for stress reduction: reaching out toothers.
kelly mcgonigal translates academic research into practical strategies forhealth, happiness and personal success.
why you should listen to her：
stanford university psychologist kelly mcgonigal is a leader in the growingfield of “science-help.” through books, articles, courses and workshops,mcgonigal works to help us understand and implement the latest scientificfindings in psychology, neuroscience and medicine.
straddling the worlds of research and practice, mcgonigal holds positionsin both the stanford graduate school of business and the school of medicine. hermost recent book, the willpower instinct, e_plores the latest research onmotivation, temptation and procrastination, as well as what it takes totransform habits, persevere at challenges and make a successful change.
she is now researching a new book about the "upside of stress," which willlook at both why stress is good for us, and what makes us good at stress. in herwords: "the old understanding of stress as a unhelpful relic of our animalinstincts is being replaced by the understanding that stress actually makes ussocially smart -- it's what allows us to be fully human."
i have a confession to make, but first, i want you to make a littleconfession to me. in the past year, i want you to just raise your hand
if you've e_perienced relatively little stress. anyone?
how about a moderate amount of stress?
who has e_perienced a lot of stress? yeah. me too.
but that is not my confession. my confession is this: i am a healthpsychologist, and my mission is to help people be happier and healthier. but ifear that something i've been teaching for the last 10 years is doing more harmthan good, and it has to do with stress. for years i've been telling people,stress makes you sick. it increases the risk of everything from the common coldto cardiovascular disease. basically, i've turned stress into the enemy. but ihave changed my mind about stress, and today, i want to change yours.
let me start with the study that made me rethink my whole approach tostress. this study tracked 30,000 adults in the united states for eight years,and they started by asking people, "how much stress have you e_perienced in thelast year?" they also asked, "do you believe that stress is harmful for yourhealth?" and then they used public death records to find out who died.
(laughter)
okay. some bad news first. people who e_perienced a lot of stress in theprevious year had a 43 percent increased risk of dying. but that was only truefor the people who also believed that stress is harmful for your health.(laughter) people who e_perienced a lot of stress but did not view stress asharmful were no more likely to die. in fact, they had the lowest risk of dyingof anyone in the study, including people who had relatively little stress.
now the researchers estimated that over the eight years they were trackingdeaths, 182,000 americans died prematurely, not from stress, but from the beliefthat stress is bad for you. (laughter) that is over 20,000 deaths a year. now,if that estimate is correct, that would make believing stress is bad for you the15th largest cause of death in the united states last year, killing more peoplethan skin cancer, hiv/aids and homicide.
(laughter)
you can see why this study freaked me out. here i've been spending so muchenergy telling people stress is bad for your health.
so this study got me wondering: can changing how you think about stressmake you healthier? and here the science says yes. when you change your mindabout stress, you can change your body's response to stress.
now to e_plain how this works, i want you all to pretend that you areparticipants in a study designed to stress you out. it's called the socialstress test. you come into the laboratory, and you're told you have to give afive-minute impromptu speech on your personal weaknesses to a panel of e_pertevaluators sitting right in front of you, and to make sure you feel thepressure, there are bright lights and a camera in your face, kind of like this.and the evaluators have been trained to give you discouraging, non-verbalfeedback like this.
(laughter)
now that you're sufficiently demoralized, time for part two: a math test.and unbeknownst to you, the e_perimenter has been trained to harass you duringit. now we're going to all do this together. it's going to be fun. for me.
okay. i want you all to count backwards from 996 in increments of seven.you're going to do this out loud as fast as you can, starting with 996. go!audience: (counting) go faster. faster please. you're going too slow. stop.stop, stop, stop. that guy made a mistake. we are going to have to start allover again. (laughter) you're not very good at this, are you? okay, so you getthe idea. now, if you were actually in this study, you'd probably be a littlestressed out. your heart might be pounding, you might be breathing faster, maybebreaking out into a sweat. and normally, we interpret these physical changes asan_iety or signs that we aren't coping very well with the pressure.
but what if you viewed them instead as signs that your body was energized,was preparing you to meet this challenge? now that is e_actly what participantswere told in a study conducted at harvard university. before they went throughthe social stress test, they were taught to rethink their stress response ashelpful. that pounding heart is preparing you for action. if you're breathingfaster, it's no problem. it's getting more o_ygen to your brain. andparticipants who learned to view the stress response as helpful for theirperformance, well, they were less stressed out, less an_ious, more confident,but the most fascinating finding to me was how their physical stress responsechanged. now, in a typical stress response, your heart rate goes up, and yourblood vessels constrict like this. and this is one of the reasons that chronicstress is sometimes associated with cardiovascular disease. it's not reallyhealthy to be in this state all the time. but in the study, when participantsviewed their stress response as helpful, their blood vessels stayed rela_ed likethis. their heart was still pounding, but this is a much healthiercardiovascular profile. it actually looks a lot like what happens in moments ofjoy and courage. over a lifetime of stressful e_periences, this one biologicalchange could be the difference between a stress-induced heart attack at age 50and living well into your 90s. and this is really what the new science of stressreveals, that how you think about stress matters.
so my goal as a health psychologist has changed. i no longer want to getrid of your stress. i want to make you better at stress. and we just did alittle intervention. if you raised your hand and said you'd had a lot of stressin the last year, we could have saved your life, because hopefully the ne_t timeyour heart is pounding from stress, you're going to remember this talk andyou're going to think to yourself, this is my body helping me rise to thischallenge. and when you view stress in that way, your body believes you, andyour stress response becomes healthier.
now i said i have over a decade of demonizing stress to redeem myself from,so we are going to do one more intervention. i want to tell you about one of themost under-appreciated aspects of the stress response, and the idea is this:stress makes you social.
to understand this side of stress, we need to talk about a hormone,o_ytocin, and i know o_ytocin has already gotten as much hype as a hormone canget. it even has its own cute nickname, the cuddle hormone, because it'sreleased when you hug someone. but this is a very small part of what o_ytocin isinvolved in. o_ytocin is a neuro-hormone. it fine-tunes your brain's socialinstincts. it primes you to do things that strengthen close relationships.o_ytocin makes you crave physical contact with your friends and family. itenhances your empathy. it even makes you more willing to help and support thepeople you care about. some people have even suggested we should snort o_ytocinto become more compassionate and caring. but here's what most people don'tunderstand about o_ytocin. it's a stress hormone. your pituitary gland pumpsthis stuff out as part of the stress response. it's as much a part of yourstress response as the adrenaline that makes your heart pound. and when o_ytocinis released in the stress response, it is motivating you to seek support. yourbiological stress response is nudging you to tell someone how you feel insteadof bottling it up. your stress response wants to make sure you notice whensomeone else in your life is struggling so that you can support each other. whenlife is difficult, your stress response wants you to be surrounded by people whocare about you.
okay, so how is knowing this side of stress going to make you healthier?well, o_ytocin doesn't only act on your brain. it also acts on your body, andone of its main roles in your body is to protect your cardiovascular system fromthe effects of stress. it's a natural anti-inflammatory. it also helps yourblood vessels stay rela_ed during stress. but my favorite effect on the body isactually on the heart. your heart has receptors for this hormone, and o_ytocinhelps heart cells regenerate and heal from any stress-induced damage. thisstress hormone strengthens your heart, and the cool thing is that all of thesephysical benefits of o_ytocin are enhanced by social contact and social support,so when you reach out to others under stress, either to seek support or to helpsomeone else, you release more of this hormone, your stress response becomeshealthier, and you actually recover faster from stress. i find this amazing,that your stress response has a built-in mechanism for stress resilience, andthat mechanism is human connection.
i want to finish by telling you about one more study. and listen up,because this study could also save a life. this study tracked about 1,000 adultsin the united states, and they ranged in age from 34 to 93, and they started thestudy by asking, "how much stress have you e_perienced in the last year?" theyalso asked, "how much time have you spent helping out friends, neighbors, peoplein your community?" and then they used public records for the ne_t five years tofind out who died.
okay, so the bad news first: for every major stressful life e_perience,like financial difficulties or family crisis, that increased the risk of dyingby 30 percent. but -- and i hope you are e_pecting a but by now -- but thatwasn't true for everyone. people who spent time caring for others showedabsolutely no stress-related increase in dying. zero. caring created resilience.and so we see once again that the harmful effects of stress on your health arenot inevitable. how you think and how you act can transform your e_perience ofstress. when you choose to view your stress response as helpful, you create thebiology of courage. and when you choose to connect with others under stress, youcan create resilience. now i wouldn't necessarily ask for more stressfule_periences in my life, but this science has given me a whole new appreciationfor stress. stress gives us access to our hearts. the compassionate heart thatfinds joy and meaning in connecting with others, and yes, your pounding physicalheart, working so hard to give you strength and energy, and when you choose toview stress in this way, you're not just getting better at stress, you'reactually making a pretty profound statement. you're saying that you can trustyourself to handle life's challenges, and you're remembering that you don't haveto face them alone.
thank you.
(applause)
chris anderson: this is kind of amazing, what you're telling us. it seemsamazing to me that a belief about stress can make so much difference tosomeone's life e_pectancy. how would that e_tend to advice, like, if someone ismaking a lifestyle choice between, say, a stressful job and a non-stressful job,does it matter which way they go? it's equally wise to go for the stressful jobso long as you believe that you can handle it, in some sense?
kelly mcgonigal: yeah, and one thing we know for certain is that chasingmeaning is better for your health than trying to avoid discomfort. and so iwould say that's really the best way to make decisions, is go after what it isthat creates meaning in your life and then trust yourself to handle the stressthat follows.
ca: thank you so much, kelly. it's pretty cool. km: thank you.
(applause)
我是个说书之人。在这里，我想和大家分享一些我本人的故事。一些关于所谓的“单一故事的危险性”的经历。我成长在尼日利亚东部的一所大学校园里。我母亲常说我从两岁起就开始读书。不过我认为“四岁起”比较接近事实。所以我从小就开始读书，读的是英国和美国的儿童书籍。
我也是从小就开始写作，当我在七岁那年，开始强迫我可怜的母亲阅读我用铅笔写好的故事，外加上蜡笔描绘的插图时，我所写的故事正如我所读的故事那般，我故事里的人物们都是白皮肤、蓝眼睛的。常在雪中嬉戏，吃着苹果。而且他们经常讨论天气，讨论太阳出来时，一切都多么美好。我一直写着这样故事，虽然说我当时住在尼日利亚，并且从来没有出过国。虽然说我们从来没见过雪，虽然说我们实际上只能吃到芒果;虽然说我们从不讨论天气，因为根本没这个必要。
我故事里的人物们也常喝姜汁啤酒，因为我所读的那些英国书中的人物们常喝姜汁啤酒。虽然说我当时完全不知道姜汁啤酒是什么东西。时隔多年，我一直都怀揣着一个深切的渴望，想尝尝姜汁啤酒的味道。不过这要另当别论了。
这一切所表明的，正是在一个个的故事面前，我们是何等的脆弱，何等的易受影响，尤其当我们还是孩子的时候，因为我当时读的所有书中只有外国人物，我因而坚信：书要想被称为书，就必须有外国人在里面，就必须是关于我无法亲身体验的事情，而这一切都在我接触了非洲书籍之后发生了改变。当时非洲书并不多，而且他们也不像国外书籍那样好找。 不过因为!和!之类的作家，我思维中对于文学的概念，产生了质的改变。我意识到像我这样的人---有着巧克力般的肤色和永远无法梳成马尾辫的卷曲头发的女孩们，也可以出现在文学作品中。
我开始撰写我所熟知的事物，但这并不是说我不喜爱那些美国和英国书籍，恰恰相反，那些书籍激发了我的想象力，为我开启了新的世界。但随之而来的后果就是，我不知道原来像我这样的人，也是可以存在于文学作品中的，而与非洲作家的结缘，则是将我从对于书籍的单一故事中拯救了出来。
我来自一个传统的尼日利亚中产家庭，我的父亲是一名教授，我的母亲是一名大学管理员。因此我们和很多其他家庭一样，都会从附近的村庄中雇佣一些帮手来打理家事。在我八岁那一年，我们家招来了一位新的男仆。他的名字叫做FIDE.我父亲只告诉我们说，他是来自一个非常穷苦的家庭，我母亲会时不时的将山芋、大米，还有我们穿旧的衣服送到他的家里。每当我剩下晚饭的时候，我的母亲就会说：吃净你的食物!难道你不知道吗?像FIDE家这样的人可是一无所有。因此我对他们家人充满了怜悯。
后来的一个星期六，我们去FIDE的村庄拜访，他的母亲向我们展示了一个精美别致的草篮----用FIDE的哥哥用染过色的酒椰叶编制的。我当时完全被震惊了。我从来没有想过FIDE的家人居然有亲手制造东西的才能。在那之前，我对FIDE家唯一的了解就是他们是何等的穷困，正因为如此，他们在我脑中的印象只是一个字------“穷”。他们的贫穷是我赐予他们的单一故事。
多年以后，在我离开尼日利亚前往美国读大学的时候，我又想到了这件事。我那时19岁，我的美国室友当时完全对我感到十分惊讶了。他问我是从哪里学的讲一口如此流利的英语，而当我告知她尼日利亚刚巧是以英语作为官方语言的时候，她的脸上则是写满了茫然。她问我是否可以给她听听她所谓的“部落音乐”，可想而知，当我拿出玛丽亚凯莉的磁带时，她是何等的失望，她断定我不知道如何使用电炉。
我猛然意识到“在他见到我之前，她就已经对我充满了怜悯之心。她对我这个非洲人的预设心态是一种充满施恩与好意的怜悯之情。我那位室友的脑中有一个关于非洲的单一故事。一个充满了灾难的单一故事。在这个单一的故事中，非洲人是完全没有可能在任何方面和她有所相似的;没有可能接收到比怜悯更复杂的感情;没有可能以一个平等的人类的身份与她沟通。
我不得不强调，在我前往美国之前，我从来没有有意识的把自己当做个非洲人。但在美国的时候，每当人们提到”非洲“时，大家都会转向我，虽然我对纳米比亚之类的地方一无所知。但我渐渐的开始接受这个新的身份，现在很多时候我都是把自己当做一个非洲人来看待。不过当人们把非洲当做一个国家来讨论的时候，我还是觉得挺反感的。最近的一次例子就发生在两天前，我从拉各斯搭乘航班，旅程原本相当愉快，直到广播里开始介绍在”印度、非洲以及其他国家”所进行的慈善事业。
当我以一名非洲人的身份在美国读过几年之后，我开始理解我那位室友当时对我的反应。如果我不是在尼日利亚长大，如果我对非洲的一切认识都是来自于大众流行的影像，我相信我眼中的非洲也同样是充满了美丽的地貌、美丽的动物，以及一群难以理解的人们进行着毫无意义的战争、死于艾滋和贫穷、无法为自己辩护，并且等待着一位慈悲的、白种的外国人的救赎，我看待非洲的方式将会和我儿时看待FIDE一家的方式是一样的。
我认为关于非洲的这个单一故事从根本上来自于西方的文学。这是来自伦敦商人John Locke的一段话。他在1561年的时候，曾游历非洲西部，并且为他的航行做了翻很有趣的记录。他先是把黑色的非洲人称为“没有房子的野兽”，随后又写道：“他们也是一群无头脑的人，他们的嘴和眼睛都长在了他们的胸口上。”
我每次读到这一段的时候，都不禁大笑起来。他的想象力真的是让人敬佩。但关于他的作品极其重要的一点是它昭示着西方社会讲述非洲故事的一个传统，在这个传统中，撒哈拉以南的非洲充满了消极、差异以及黑暗，是伟大的诗人Rudyard Kipling笔下所形容的“半恶魔、半孩童”的奇异人种。
正因为如此，我开始意识到我的那位美国室友一定在她的成长过程中，看到并且听过关于这个单一故事的不同版本，就如同之前一位曾经批判我的小说缺乏“真实的非洲感”的教授一样。话说我倒是甘愿承认我的小说有几处写的不好的地方，有几处败笔，但我很难想象我的小说既然会缺乏“真实的非洲感”。事实上，我甚至不知道真实的非洲感到底是个什么东西。那位教授跟我说我书中的人物都和他太相近了，都是受过教育的中产人物。我的人物会开车，他们没有受到饥饿的困扰。正因此，他们缺乏了真实的非洲感。
我在这里不得不指出，我本人也常常被单一的故事蒙蔽双眼。几年前，我从美国探访墨西哥，当时美国的政治气候比较紧张。关于移民的辩论一直在进行着。而在美国，“移民”和“墨西哥人”常常被当做同义词来使用。关于墨西哥人的故事是源源不绝，讲的都是欺诈医疗系统、偷渡边境、在边境被捕之类的事情。
我还记得当我到达瓜达拉哈拉的第一天，看着人们前往工作，在市集上吃着墨西哥卷、抽着烟、大笑着，我记得我刚看到这一切时是何等的惊讶，但随后我的心中便充满了羞耻感。我意识到我当时完全被沉浸在媒体上关于墨西哥人的报道，以致于他们在我的脑中幻化成一个单一的个体---卑贱的移民。我完全相信了关于墨西哥人的单一故事，对此我感到无比的羞愧。这就是创造单一故事的过程，将一群人一遍又一遍地呈现为一个事物，并且只是一个事物，时间久了，他们就变成了那个事物。
而说到单一的故事，就自然而然地要讲到权力这个问题。每当我想到这个世界的权力结构的时候，我都会想起一个伊傅语中的单词，叫做“nkali”,它是一个名词，可以在大意上被翻译成”比另一个人强大。”就如同我们的经济和政治界一样，我们所讲的故事也是建立在它的原则上的。这些故事是怎样被讲述的、由谁来讲述、何时被讲述、有多少故事被讲述，这一切都取决于权力。